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Role of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis modulation in the stress-resilient phenotype of DPP4-deficient rats
2019, Behavioural Brain ResearchCitation Excerpt :Within the CNS, the role of NPY on stress regulation is opposed to that of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) [3] in that it counteracts the effect of both CRH, noradrenaline (NA) [2], and sympathetic output [7], thus inhibiting the response to stressors. The hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), where CRH is produced, has a high density of NPY-containing nerve terminals [8] with a close relationship between NPY projections from both the brain stem and arcuate nucleus and cells containing CRH [9–11]. Given the important role of NPY in the modulation of stress-related behavior, it has been hypothesized that the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), a widely expressed transmembrane and soluble protease responsible for NPY cleavage and inactivation, could also be involved in stress regulation by terminating NPY action on Y1 receptors [12–16].
Energetic stress: The reciprocal relationship between energy availability and the stress response
2016, Physiology and BehaviorEnergy homeostasis: Paraventricular nucleus system
2016, The Curated Reference Collection in Neuroscience and Biobehavioral PsychologyAdipocyte glucocorticoid receptors mediate fat-to-brain signaling
2015, PsychoneuroendocrinologyCitation Excerpt :Metabolic and HPA axis regulation occurs in part via ARC projections to the PVN (Swanson and Sawchenko, 1983), a nucleus responsible for the neuroendocrine and sympathetic nervous system regulation of many aspects of physiology. Within this neural circuit, AgRP acts to promote positive energy balance, while α-MSH reduces energy storage (Schwartz et al., 2000; Woods et al., 2000) and both of these factors influence HPA axis activity (Dhillo et al., 2002; Lu et al., 2003; Wahlestedt et al., 1987). Although the circulating baseline levels of adiposity factors (i.e., adiponectin, insulin and leptin) that modulate this circuit were not different between groups in the present study, decreased adipocyte GR was associated with increased hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin (the gene encoding α-MSH) expression, suggesting enhanced activity of this anorexigenic and stress-excitatory neuropeptidergic system.