Responses of pallidal neurons to striatal stimulation in intact waking monkeys
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Towards a primate model of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome: Anatomo-behavioural correlation of disorders induced by striatal dysfunction
2013, CortexCitation Excerpt :Nevertheless, the existence of very long dendrites specifically in the GPi and SNr (Yelnik et al., 1987) would allow information coming from different functional striatal territories to converge on a single neuron. This has been observed for pallidal neurons located in an intermediate zone between the associative and the sensorimotor territories and responding to the stimulation of both the caudate nucleus and the putamen (Tremblay and Filion, 1989). This may also be the case at the interface between the limbic and associative territories.
Robustness, variability, phase dependence, and longevity of individual synaptic input effects on spike timing during fluctuating synaptic backgrounds: A modeling study of globus pallidus neuron phase response properties
2012, NeuroscienceCitation Excerpt :The synaptic backgrounds were composed of individual dual exponential conductance injections representing excitatory AMPAergic synaptic inputs (1 ms rise time, 3 ms decay time, EAMPA = 0 mV) or inhibitory GABAA synaptic inputs (0.8 ms rise time, 5 ms decay time, EGABA = −80 mV) at 100 AMPA synapses and 1022 GABA synapses distributed randomly throughout the dendrite. These values reflect the approximate proportion and kinetics of synaptic inputs to GP from the subthalamic nucleus (STN) (Robledo and Feger, 1990; Hamada and Delong, 1992; Shink and Smith, 1995; Nambu et al., 2000; Kita et al., 2005) and striatum (Tremblay and Filion, 1989; Shink and Smith, 1995; Sims et al., 2008). The base GP model, which spikes spontaneously with a 7.9 Hz oscillation (Schultheiss et al., 2010), was driven to spike at in vivo frequencies with a variety of synaptic background parameter sets determined by exploration of the parameter space for maximal unitary conductance (gain) and input frequencies of synaptic inputs.
Apathy: A pathology of goal-directed behaviour. A new concept of the clinic and pathophysiology of apathy
2012, Revue NeurologiqueCitation Excerpt :As a whole, the consequence of excess dopamine release is likely to trigger impulsive behaviour toward positively reinforced stimuli while dopamine depletion may lead to excessively avoid punishment with a possible risk of decreasing voluntary GDB. Striatal dopamine depletion also diminishes spatial focalization of signals in the striatum, leading to the transmission of this modified signals to its output structures (Tremblay and Filion, 1989; Tremblay et al., 1989). A loss of spatial focalization by decreasing the ratio of the relevant signals to noise may lead to a failure to extract the relevant signal in the output structures (the frontal cortex).
Functional connectivity and integrative properties of globus pallidus neurons
2011, NeuroscienceCitation Excerpt :The difference in the conduction times between the STN and Str mediated pathways is due to two main factors: (1) although cortical stimulation can induce short latency, 2–3 ms, monosynaptic EPSPs in both Str and STN neurons (Kitai and Deniau, 1981; Wilson, 1986), STN neurons have unique membrane properties that allow an excitatory input to trigger spikes with much shorter latency than in Str neurons (Farries et al., 2010). ( 2) The conduction velocities of Str axons are much slower than of STN axons (Tremblay and Filion, 1989; Kita, 1994). It is also possible that cortical neurons projecting bilaterally to Str, called intratelencephalically projecting cortico-Str neurons, may have a longer conduction time than pyramidal tract neurons that emit collaterals into the Str and STN (Cowan and Wilson, 1994; Mallet et al., 2006).