Death of sensory ganglion neurons after acute withdrawal of nerve growth factor in dissociated cell cultures
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Intravitreal application of AAV-BDNF or mutant AAV-CRMP2 protects retinal ganglion cells and stabilizes axons and myelin after partial optic nerve injury
2020, Experimental NeurologyCitation Excerpt :After an injury, secondary pathological events further compromise adjacent initially intact tissue, triggering homeostatic system disruptions and culminating in widespread cell death, axonal degeneration, demyelination, gliosis and increased functional loss (Fitzgerald et al., 2009; Levkovitch-Verbin et al., 2010). Loss of trophic support due to axonal injury and breakdown of transport systems also negatively impacts the response to injury (Almasieh et al., 2012; Eichler and Rich, 1989; Geden and Deshmukh, 2016; Rich, 1992). From a therapeutic perspective it is clearly important to identify the pathological processes that distinguish primary versus secondary degenerative events after CNS trauma, thereby potentially optimizing treatment regimes.
Axon degeneration: Context defines distinct pathways
2016, Current Opinion in NeurobiologyCitation Excerpt :It should be noted that in these models both the soma and axons are exposed to direct NGF signaling, while in vivo NGF signaling primarily occurs at the axon terminals and the signal is retrogradely transported to the cell body. Importantly, elimination of NGF from the culture media, to deprive the entire neuron of NGF (often referred to as ‘global deprivation’), results in the apoptotic degeneration of both the soma and axons (Illustrated in Figure 2) [30,32]. Since axon degeneration in this context is a consequence of the activation of the global apoptotic program, we refer to this apoptosis-induced axon degeneration here as ‘axon apoptosis’.
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ up-regulates the Bcl-2 anti-apoptotic protein in neurons and induces mitochondrial stabilization and protection against oxidative stress and apoptosis
2007, Journal of Biological ChemistryCitation Excerpt :A similar increase was observed in RGZ-treated cells (1 μm), suggesting that it might correspond to neuronal Bcl-2 mRNA. To assess whether RGZ-induced up-regulation of Bcl-2 was reflected in decreased sensitivity to apoptosis we used NGF withdrawal, a widely used model to induce apoptosis in embryonic DRG neurons (35-37). Changes in nuclear morphology characteristics of apoptosis were visualized using Hoechst staining in NFH-positive cells and quantified as described under “Experimental Procedures” (Fig. 1D).
Dorsal root ganglion neurones in culture: A model system for identifying novel analgesic targets?
2005, Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods
This work was supported by NIH Grant JL20604 and NS18071.
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We thank Dr. Eugene Johnson Jr. and Ms. Patricia Osborne for the supply of NGF, anti-NGF serum, and their advice.