Kappa opiate receptors mediate tail-shock induced antinociception at spinal levels
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The dynorphin/kappa opioid system as a modulator of stress-induced and pro-addictive behaviors
2010, Brain ResearchCitation Excerpt :In addition, delta-opioid receptor agonists reduce swim-stress-induced immobility in the FSS test in rats (Broom et al., 2002). The involvement of dynorphin in stress-induced analgesia has also been demonstrated in both rats and mice (Takahashi et al., 1990; Watkins et al., 1992; McLaughlin et al., 2003a,b). In recent reports exposure to forced swim stress (acutely or subchronically) or social defeat stress in mice resulted in an increase in tail withdrawal latency in the tail flick assay.
Dynorphin, stress, and depression
2010, Brain ResearchCitation Excerpt :Dynorphin has also been implicated in neuropathic pain via actions at KORs, as well as at non-opioid receptors, in the spinal cord (Malan et al., 2000; Lai et al., 2001; Wang et al., 2001; Xu et al., 2004, 2007; Gaveriaux-Ruff et al., 2008). Numerous physical and psychological stressors produce analgesic effects (stress-induced analgesia) in rodents that are mediated by KORs (Takahashi et al., 1990; Watkins et al., 1992; Menendez et al., 1993; McLaughlin et al., 2006b). Although KOR-mediated analgesia may aid in physical responses to threat, it is possible that concurrent KOR signaling in limbic brain regions contributes to the increased incidence of depression and anxiety in individuals experiencing chronic pain or stress (Kessler, 1997; Heim and Nemeroff, 1999; Bair et al., 2003; Gureje, 2008).
30 years of dynorphins - New insights on their functions in neuropsychiatric diseases
2009, Pharmacology and TherapeuticsPlacenta ingestion by rats enhances δ- and κ-opioid antinociception, but suppresses μ-opioid antinociception
2004, Brain ResearchCitation Excerpt :POEF ingestion enhances antinociception produced by morphine [1,12,19,20,43,88], a nonselective μ-opioid agonist that has activity at all of the opioid receptors (i.e., μ≫δ>κ) [25]. The strategic location of μ-, δ-, and κ-opioid receptors at different points of the opioid-antinociception system in brain and spinal cord [50,51], where each is involved in the mediation of antinociception [4,6,9,13,27,30,31,66,82,96], makes each receptor type a potential candidate for involvement in the POEF effect. Direct tests of receptor specificity, however, have yet to be performed.