Collateral axonal projections to limbic structures from ventrolateral medullary A1 noradrenergic neurons
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Central neural substrates involved in temperature discrimination, thermal pain, thermal comfort, and thermoregulatory behavior
2018, Handbook of Clinical NeurologyCitation Excerpt :In concert with insular cortex, it is also the critical site where pain aversion can be subdued by operant safety signals (Christianson et al., 2011; Kong et al., 2014). As noted above, over half of the BNST receives dense noradrenergic input from the A1 and A2 cell groups in the caudal medulla (Roder and Ciriello, 1994; Bienkowski and Rinaman, 2013; Flavin and Winder, 2013; Fox et al., 2016). As mentioned above, the A1 neurons convey monosynaptic COOL lamina I input (unpublished observations), and BNST neurons are activated by cold or warm ambient temperatures (c-fos labeling: Bonaz and Taché, 1994; Yoshida et al., 2005).
Enduring attenuation of norepinephrine synaptic availability and augmentation of the pharmacological and behavioral effects of desipramine by repeated immobilization stress
2017, NeuropharmacologyCitation Excerpt :Finally, neuronal remodeling, increase in CRH, and anxiety- and depression-like behavior induced by RIS are prevented by concomitant administration of antidepressants that modulate glutamatergic activity, such as tianeptine (Pillai et al., 2012), or by NRIs, such as DMI and reboxetine (Ampuero et al., 2015; Hadweh et al., 2010; Santibañez et al., 2006). The BNST is a basal forebrain structure of the limbic system anatomically related to regions of the brain that are implicated in emotional and autonomic responses to stress and noxious stimuli (Alheid and Heimer, 1988; Deyama et al., 2007; Granjeiro et al., 2012; Roder and Ciriello, 1994). Additionally, the BNST is the brain region with the highest concentration of NE (Kilts and Anderson, 1986).
Estradiol-17β-responsive A1 and A2 noradrenergic cells of the brain stem project to the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in the ewe brain: A possible route for regulation of gonadotropin releasing hormone cells
2010, NeuroscienceCitation Excerpt :We have demonstrated that the lateral, dorsal and ventral divisions of the BNST receive input from noradrenergic neurons of the caudal A1 and A2 cell groups in the brain of the ewe which are activated by estradiol-17β, as indicated by Fos expression. In the rat, it has been shown that the BNST receives noradrenergic innervation from the A1 (Woulfe et al., 1990; Roder and Ciriello, 1994; Forray et al., 2000) and A2 (Riche et al., 1990; Forray et al., 2000) cell groups in the brain stem and the present data show that the same is true for the sheep. Data from rats (Simerly and Swanson, 1986; Polston et al., 2004) and sheep (Pompolo et al., 2005), indicate projections to GnRH cells from the lateral and ventral BNST.
Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis α<inf>1</inf>-adrenoceptor modulates baroreflex cardiac component in unanesthetized rats
2008, Brain ResearchCitation Excerpt :This idea is reinforced by data showing that BST activation evoked by blood pressure increase is inhibited in animals in which the carotid sinus and aortic depressor nerves were cut (Potts et al., 1997). BST-noradrenergic terminations originate mainly from cell bodies located in the medullary noradrenergic cell groups into the NTS, which is the first synaptic relay of the baroreflex pathway within the central nervous system, as well as in the ventrolateral medulla (Woulfe et al., 1988; Riche et al., 1990; Roder and Ciriello, 1994; Forray et al., 2000; Forray et al., 2004). Previous results suggested that fibers from the aortic arch nerve afferent innervate a NTS area rich in catecholamine-containing neurons (Katz and Karten, 1979).
Mother-Infant Touch, Neurochemistry, and Postpartum Anxiety
2008, Neurobiology of the Parental Brain