Levels of sensorimotor representation☆,☆☆
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Advancements of phonetics in the 21st century: A critical appraisal of time and space in Articulatory Phonology
2022, Journal of PhoneticsCitation Excerpt :A third crucial development of the era is the realization going back to Bernstein (1967) and Latash (2021), taken up by Greene (1972), as well as Turvey (1977), that animal movement is a hierarchical process where a higher-order goal is accomplished through the synergy of effectors, and that this can be studied using a dynamical systems approach in which the goals are equilibria that the system converges to, independently of the initial conditions or perturbations to its trajectory. And it is this hierarchical dynamical approach to movement that allows the integration of an abstract movement goal (e.g., lip closure) and the synergy of effectors implementing the movement towards the goal (e.g., upper and lower lip, jaw) into a single description (Fowler et al., 1980; Ostry & Munhall, 1985; Saltzman, 1979, 1995). There are two main parts to Task Dynamics, which will be discussed in turn, each with its extensions since 1989.
Central pattern generator and human locomotion in the context of referent control of motor actions
2021, Clinical NeurophysiologyTowards a Grand Unified Theory of sports performance
2017, Human Movement ScienceCitation Excerpt :So far, I have established what constraints impact on sports performance but an important question is: how do organismic, environmental, and task constraints shape the patterns of coordination and control that determine performance outcomes in sport? In dynamical systems accounts of human movement, internal and external constraints provide ‘equations of constraints’ that get metaphorically ‘written over’ DOF to functionally combine or ‘softly assemble’ them into task-specific structural units known as coordinative structures (Goldfield, 1995; Kugler & Turvey, 1987; Saltzman, 1979; Schmidt & Fitzpatrick, 1996; Tuller, Turvey, & Fitch, 1982). Following Easton (1972), Turvey (1977) proposed that coordinative structures may provide a solution to Bernstein’s (1967) famous ‘degrees of freedom problem’—that is, how the large number of independent, but often functionally redundant, component parts of the movement system can be regulated without ascribing excessive responsibility to a higher-order executive or external regulating agent (Turvey, 1990).
Estimation of digraph costs for keyboard layout optimization
2015, International Journal of Industrial ErgonomicsCitation Excerpt :To estimate these digraph costs through the evaluation of the finger movements while typing digraphs is a difficult task. It is because the number of degrees of freedom of a hand movement is high and multiple solutions are possible for a key stroke (Saltzman, 1979) since each of eight fingers has three joints and bones of a finger are controlled by two tendons, and each tendon controlled by muscles located in the forearm. As the literature review indicates, there are some well-defined mathematical approaches in the literature for solving the keyboard layout optimization problem.
Modulation of anticipatory postural activity for multiple conditions of a whole-body pointing task
2012, NeuroscienceCitation Excerpt :Movement execution during these phases must therefore depend on a combination of hard-wired elements in motor control and prior motor learning. This has been referred to as the internal model of movement planning (Jordan and Rumelhart, 1992; Miall et al, 1993; Wolpert et al, 1995; Saltzman, 1979; Hollerbach 1990). Previous research has demonstrated that feedforward postural adaptations are tuned to the particular demands of the task at hand.
The Effect of Task and Environment Constraints on Aquatic Locomotor Behavior: Qualitative Data Analysis
2022, International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education
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An earlier version of this paper was submitted to the University of Minnesota in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Ph.D. degree, December, 1977. Portions of this paper were presented at the 1st Joint Meeting of the Psychometric Society and the Society for Mathematical Psychology, Hamilton, Ontario, August 1978.
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The preparation of this manuscript was partially supported by a grant (HDO-2274) from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development awarded to the Child Development and Mental Retardation Center, University of Washington.