A neurological integrator for the oculomotor control system☆
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Cited by (36)
The functional operation of the vestibulo-ocular reflex
2022, Progress in Brain ResearchCitation Excerpt :If w should be slightly greater than 1.0, the effective time constant becomes negative: the case illustrated in Fig. 8A. This scheme was considered in more detail by Kamath and Keller (1976). Obviously, in any realistic model, one would propose many cells mutually exciting each other but there are two basic problems with this idea.
Clinical applications of control systems models: The neural integrators for eye movements
2019, Progress in Brain ResearchCitation Excerpt :The value of Tc in normal subjects is typically > 20 s. One of the earliest models, schematized in Fig. 1, proposed that the performance of a leaky brainstem integrator was boosted by a cerebellar circuit configured as a positive feedback loop with a gain of K (Kamath and Keller, 1976; Zee et al., 1980). When the value of K was optimal (close to a value of 1.0), the time constant of integration was long, accounting for the ability of subjects to hold eccentric gaze with a Tc of >20s in darkness.
Electron Microscopic Reconstruction of Functionally Identified Cells in a Neural Integrator
2017, Current BiologyCitation Excerpt :Similar anatomical observations have been observed in cats [22] and non-human primates [23]. These observations have shaped theoretical models proposing that integration can be supported by positive feedback between these neurons [24–28]. More recently, calcium imaging approaches using two-photon microscopy to identify many integrator neurons have been coupled with sparse, targeted single-neuron electroporation of fluorescent indicators for anatomical reconstruction [29].
Abnormal eye movements in dizzy patients
2005, Neurologic ClinicsCitation Excerpt :In addition to the structures described previously, the cerebellum plays an important role in gaze holding. It is suggested that one of the functions of the cerebellum is to improve the performance of an inherently leaky (ie, imperfect) neural integrator [18,19]. A positive feedback loop between the cerebellum and the brainstem enables neurons to perseverate their own activity, thereby improving integration.
Stability of the memory of eye position in a recurrent network of conductance-based model neurons
2000, NeuronCitation Excerpt :The present model demonstrates that a nonsaturating rate–position relationship can be compatible with strongly saturating synapses. Previously, the empirically observed lack of saturation in the rate–position relationship was used to justify linear network models (Cannon et al. 1983) and to reject previous models based on elements with saturation nonlinearity (Rosen 1972; Kamath and Keller 1976), but this argument is not valid if synapses saturate. The anatomical and physiological facts about the synaptic organization of biological integrators are still limited.
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Research sponsored by National Institutes of Health Grants EY0095-03 and 7006-08.