An investigation of paired-associate learning in amnesic patients☆
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Cited by (190)
Patients with hippocampal amnesia successfully integrate gesture and speech
2018, NeuropsychologiaCitation Excerpt :For example, healthy people show benefits in maintaining information over short timescales – such as short-term serial recall of words – when presented in meaningful and familiar verbal contexts (full sentences) rather than in unfamiliar verbal contexts (lists) (Baddeley et al., 2009; Bor et al., 2004; Race et al., 2015). Similarly, patients with amnesia perform as well as comparison participants on verbal paired associate learning when the pairings are based on semantic or phonological similarities between the two words but are unable to learn unrelated word pairs (Winocur and Weiskrantz, 1976). Patients with amnesia also demonstrate better memory for word lists when embedded in a meaningful narrative than when presented with just the word list alone (Kovner et al., 1983).
How we forget may depend on how we remember
2014, Trends in Cognitive SciencesCitation Excerpt :There, proactive interference affected estimates of familiarity, but not of recollection (these estimates were derived using methods such as the Process Dissociation Procedure [PDP]). Using the AB/AC recall paradigm [27–29] as a mean of employing proactive interference (PI), Winocur et al. [28] demonstrated that difficulties in learning AC word pairs are observed when participants are induced (via an implicit memory test) to rely more heavily on familiarity than recollection. When single items are studied, recollection and familiarity can be indexed by the Remember/Know (R/K) procedure, in which individuals judge whether they can recollect the context in which the items were presented (R) or whether the items are merely familiar or known (K).
Pattern separation deficits following damage to the hippocampus
2012, NeuropsychologiaCitation Excerpt :Norman and O’Reilly (2003) explicitly predict from their model greater susceptibility to inter-item interference following hippocampal damage and note that behavioral testing with a patient with hippocampal damage (Patient Y.R.) has supported the model's prediction (Holdstock et al., 2002; Mayes, Holdstock, Isaac, Hunkin, & Roberts, 2002; but see Bayley, Wixted, Hopkins, & Squire, 2008). The model's prediction is also consistent with the behavior of memory-impaired patients with hippocampal damage, who are more susceptible to interference than matched controls (Kinsbourne & Winocur, 1980; Lustig & Hasher, 2001; Mayes, Pickering, & Fairbairn, 1987; Warrington & Weiskrantz, 1974, 1978; Winocur & Moscovitch, 1996; Winocur & Weiskrantz, 1976; for review, see Lustig & Hasher, 2001). Furthermore, healthy older participants are more prone to behavioral pattern completion than pattern separation for objects (Toner, Pirogovsky, Kirwan, & Gilbert, 2009; Yassa, Mattfeld, Stark, & Stark, 2011) and locations (Stark, Yassa, & Stark, 2010).
Probabilistic classification learning with corrective feedback is selectively impaired in early Huntington's disease-Evidence for the role of the striatum in learning with feedback
2012, NeuropsychologiaCitation Excerpt :Even though PA learning is considered to be procedural too, the underlying substrates for PA learning remained ambiguous for a long time. First studies in the 1970s and 1980s (Warrington & Weiskrantz, 1982; Winocur & Weiskranitz, 1976) of amnesic patients posited that PA learning was not only influenced by the basal ganglia, but also by the MTL. Poldrack et al., 2001 showed differences in brain activation in an fMRI study during the assessment of both FB and PA conditions of the WPT.
Event-related potential evidence for separable automatic and controlled retrieval processes in proactive interference
2012, Brain ResearchCitation Excerpt :Our findings are consistent with previous suggestions that conceptual-priming driven interference is mediated by a cortical memory brain network that is separable from the medial temporal episodic memory network (Winocur et al., 1996). Evidence for this view includes the finding that severely amnesic patients with medial temporal lobe damage show intact and sometimes even increased retrieval interference compared to controls when the competing memories involve pre-existing associations (Kinsbourne and Winocur, 1980; Mayes, et al., 1987; Warrington and Weiskrantz, 1974; Winocur and Weiskrantz, 1976; Winocur et al., 1996). In fact, one major function of the episodic network may be to counteract cortical interference through the establishment of distinct, separable memory traces (McClelland, McNaughton and O'Reilly, 1995).
Associative Recognition Without Hippocampal Associations
2021, Psychological Review
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This research was carried out while the first author was a visitor to the Department of Experimental Psychology, Oxford University.