Nicotine gum: Chew rate, subjective effects and plasma nicotine

doi:10.1016/0091-3057(88)90197-9

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior

Volume 29, Issue 4, April 1988, Pages 747-751

https://doi.org/10.1016/0091-3057(88)90197-9 Get rights and content

Abstract

Two studies were conducted to assess the effects of varying the rate at which single pieces of nicotine gum (4 mg) were chewed. In each study, six cigarette-deprived volunteers were tested during four sessions.In each session they were required to chew the gum for 10 min at varying rates; a variety of self-report and physiologic responses were recorded before and after chewing. All chewed gum was analyzed for amount of nicotine extracted, and blood samples were collected for nicotine analysis. Additionally, in Experiment 2, a measure of masticatory pressure was employed to assess the intensity of chewing and to empirically verify the number of chews. In both studies, we found a weak, but direct, relation between chew rate and the amount of extracted nicotine. Experiment 2 relealed a probable cause of the weaker than expected “dose-effect” function: subjects showed compensatory changes in behavior by chewing slower than instructed in the high rate conditions, and by chewing faster than instructed in the low rate conditions. Thus, despite instructions to vary chew rates across an 8-fold range, actual chew rate varied by only 2.2-fold. Intensity of chewing remained constant across conditions. Taken together, the findings suggest that rate of chewing nicotine gum can make a difference in the amount of nicotine extracted from the gum; however, compensatory changes in chew rate may attenuate attempts to systematically vary nicotine dose in this manner.

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The evaluation of the potential use of a dye as indicator of in vivo drug release from a medicated chewing gum is described. The device is a three-layer tablet obtained by direct compression consisting of a gum core and two external protective soluble layers to prevent gum adhesion to the punches of the tableting machine. The active ingredient and a colour are contained in the gum core. To evaluate the drug and the dye release from the formulations, a chew-out study was performed by a panel of volunteers. The results obtained suggest that the use of a dye could be useful to indicate the chewing time necessary to complete drug delivery from medicated chewing gums.
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The amount of TP in each formulation was equivalent to 5% of the total weight of a gum, or 4 g. The experiment was performed following the procedure used by Christrup and Moller,1 Woodford and Lesko,7 Nemeth‐Coslett et al.,8 and Rider.9 In this procedure, every volunteer chewed a piece of gum for a certain period of time; the remaining amount of active substances in the gum was then analyzed.
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Nicotine gum: Chew rate, subjective effects and plasma nicotine☆

Abstract

Pharmacol Biochem Behav

Clin Geriatr Med

Drug Information 1987

Nicotine chewing gum in smoking cessation: Efficiency, nicotine dependence, therapy duration and clinical recommendation

Smoking behavior and tobacco abuse