Short communicationEarly olfactory learning induces an enhanced olfactory bulb response in young rats
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2016, Frontiers in NeuroendocrinologyCitation Excerpt :Neural activation is stimulated by odors associated with the early rearing environment, which may facilitate social learning (Sullivan et al., 1990). This neural response to maternal odors is enhanced when combined with licking-like tactile stimulation (Sullivan and Leon, 1986), suggestive that both the presence of the mother and the care provided by the mother induce alterations in brain function. The somatosensory stimulation provided by licking has been demonstrated to increase serum lactate in the brain of newborn but not week-old rat pups (Alasmi et al., 1997).
Visualizing olfactory learning functional imaging of experience-induced olfactory bulb changes
2014, Progress in Brain ResearchCitation Excerpt :In contrast to the sparsened glomerular representations seen following passive odor exposure paradigms, olfactory associative conditioning has been shown to enhance glomerular odor responses. For example, associative conditioning studies in rat pups found that conditioned odors evoke enhanced glomerular layer 2-DG uptake specifically in areas responsive to the conditioned odor (Johnson and Leon, 1996; Sullivan and Leon, 1986). Additionally, the enhanced responses were dependent upon olfactory associative conditioning as odor exposure alone, unconditioned stimulus exposure alone, or unpaired presentations of the odor and the US unconditioned stimulus did not evoke increased glomeruli 2-DG uptake (Wilson and Sullivan, 1994).