Trends in Neurosciences
Volume 2, 1979, Pages 234-236
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Neuroplasticity
Morphogenetic actions of thyroid hormones

https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-2236(79)90091-2Get rights and content

Abstract

Thyroid hormones have an important role to play during development of the central nervous system. In this article, Jacques Legrand describes the studies which have been carried out, mainly on the relatively homogeneous cerebellum, to find out at which of the stages of cell formation, migration, maturation, and death, that it is that the thyroid hormones have their effect.

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There are more references available in the full text version of this article.

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  • Implications of the thyroid hormone on neuronal development with special emphasis on the calmodulin-kinase IV pathway

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    Another area of brain development under T3 control concerns the cerebellum which in rodents is largely postnatal [12]. Therefore, perinatal hypothyroidism dramatically affects cerebellar development, especially axodendritic connections between Purkinje cells and granular neurons (for reviews see [13,14]). One of the major Ca2 + signaling pathways in brain development is under the control of the calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaMKIV) (for review see [15,16]).

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    The absence of TH during the very first weeks of life of a human baby can have profound and definitive consequences on its brain maturation (Biswas et al., 2002; Williams, 2008). The effects of hypothyroidism effect on human brain development have long been studied and described (see for an early review Legrand, 1979). Severe and untreated hypothyroidism from birth, usually due to congenital hypothyroidism results in the phenotype known as cretinism characterized by delayed mental and physical development, hearing and speech defects, and hypotonia (for review, see Bernal, 2007).

  • An in vitro method to study the effects of thyroid hormone-disrupting chemicals on neuronal development

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    Since TH deficiency results in multiple morphological alterations in neonatal rat brain (Schwartz, 1983; DeLong, 1996), particularly decreased dendritic arborization, synaptogenesis, number and size of dendritic spines of Purkinje cells (Heuer and Mason, 2003; Nicholson and Altman, 1972a,b; Legrand, 1979), the Purkinje cell is considered to be a good model to examine various TH actions in developing brain. Many studies suggested the role of TH in morphological development of cerebellum using rodent models (Legrand, 1979). Abnormal development seen in the perinatal hypothyroid rat cannot be rescued unless TH is replaced within the first 2 weeks of postnatal life in rodents (Koibuchi and Chin, 2000).

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J. Legrand is Professor of Physiology and Head of the Laboratory of Comparative Physiology, Université des Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 34060 Montpelier Cedex, France.

With his collaborators, J. Clos, Ch. Legrand and A. Rabié, Jacques Legrand is pursuing research in the field of developmental neurobiology and endocrin- ology. The main topic of the group is the hormonal and nutritional control of the development of the central nervous system in the rat.

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