Elsevier

Hearing Research

Volume 9, Issue 3, March 1983, Pages 263-278
Hearing Research

Functional significance of dendritic swelling after loud sounds in the guinea pig cochlea

https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-5955(83)90031-XGet rights and content

Abstract

Exposure of the guinea pig cochlea to loud pure tones caused a dramatic swelling of afferent dendrites beneath the inner hair cell (IHC). This swelling occurred in a restricted region of the cochlea basalward of the exposure frequency location. For a 110 dB tone swelling wasjust detectable in 1 μm sections for a 18, min exposure and was clearly visible after a 2212 min exposure. Swelling was reversible. Exposures which caused swelling produced a loss in sensitivity of the flat low frequency ‘tail’ of the frequency-threshold curves of single auditory neurons whose most sensitive frequency was a 12 octave higher than the exposure frequency. The findings are consistent with the notion that dendritic swelling causes a non-selective decrease in sensitivity to all frequencies of sound.

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    The release and reuptake of glutamate from IHCs and the number of GluRs expressed on the afferent nerve terminal is tightly regulated to optimize fast synaptic transmission and maintain homeostatic conditions (Chen et al., 2009; Furness and Lehre, 1997; Peppi et al., 2012; Puel et al., 2002b). Excitotoxicity has long been known to occur at the IHC/type I afferent synapse following noise exposure, anoxia and ototoxic drug treatment (Pujol and Puel, 1999; Pujol et al., 1990; Robertson, 1983; Wang et al., 2003; Yamasoba et al., 2005). In many cases, excitotoxic damage to type I afferent terminals induced by glutamate agonists such as AMPA and KA recovers (Eybalin, 1993; Jiang et al., 2013; Puel, 1995; Puel et al., 1998; Pujol et al., 1992, 1993; Sun et al., 2001, 2000; Tabuchi et al., 2012; Zheng et al., 1999).

  • Noise-induced Cochlear Synaptopathy with and Without Sensory Cell Loss

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    Fast synaptic neurotransmission at the IHC-afferent fiber synapse is via AMPA-preferring glutamate receptors (Ruel et al., 1999). Excess agonist at the synapse, whether through exogenous application (Puel et al., 1991) or sound-evoked endogenous release (Liberman and Mulroy, 1982; Robertson, 1983), produces an acute swelling of synaptic terminals on IHCs. Moreover, exogenous AMPA proportionately reduced ABR wave 1 amplitudes and IHC synapse survivals without permanent effects on DPOAEs in a gerbil model (Diuba et al., 2019).

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