Neuron
ArticleTGFβ2 and TGFβ3 are potent survival factors for midbrain dopaminergic neurons
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2015, Stem Cell ReportsCitation Excerpt :Such additional signals cannot be recapitulated in our present culture system. In the case of midbrain dopaminergic neurons, for example, transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) expressed in their projection targets is necessary for their maintenance (Poulsen et al., 1994). Dopaminergic neurons in our culture did not express late-stage markers such as PITX3 and DAT, probably because of the lack of such additional signals (data not shown).
TGFβ2 regulates hypothalamic Trh expression through the TGFβ inducible early gene-1 (TIEG1) during fetal development
2015, Molecular and Cellular EndocrinologySmad3 deficiency increases cortical and hippocampal neuronal loss following traumatic brain injury
2013, Experimental NeurologyCitation Excerpt :Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is widely recognized as a critical regulator of key events in development, disease, and repair (Dunker and Krieglstein, 2000; Massague, 1998). TGF-β regulates inflammatory responses after injury in the peripheral and central nervous system (CNS) (Wyss-Coray et al., 1997), and functions as a survival factor for embryonic motoneurons, dopaminergic and neonatal sensory neurons in vitro (Chalazonitis et al., 1992; Krieglstein et al., 1995; Martinou et al., 1990; Poulsen et al., 1994). TGF-β exerts neurotrophic effects on damaged neurons (Prehn et al., 1993), rescues sympathetic neurons from death after destruction of the target cells (Blottner et al., 1996), and protects dopaminergic neurons from N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine toxicity and cortical neurons from sodium cyanide or glutamate (Farkas et al., 2003; Krieglstein et al., 1995; Prehn et al., 1993).
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The last two authors contributed equally to this work.