Chapter 6 Glutamate receptors and the induction of excitotoxic neuronal death

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The participation of glutamate receptors in excitotoxic induction is discussed in this chapter with an emphasis on some recent developments with regard to α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) and metabotropic receptors. Ca2+ influx triggered by glutamate receptor activation is a critical mediator of excitotoxic injury. The presence of AMPA/kainate receptors gating Ca2+-permeable channels should confer enhanced vulnerability to death induced by AMPA or kainate. Specifically, neurons bearing substantial numbers of such atypical AMPA/ kainate receptors should be destroyed by exposures to AMPA or kainate too brief to destroy neurons lacking these receptors. To test this idea, the chapter utilizes kainate-activated Co2+ uptake as a histochemical marker for cells bearing Ca2+-permeable AMPA receptors. Another feature of AMPA/kainate receptor behavior that may influence participation in excitotoxicity is desensitization.

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