Chapter 2 Modulation of purinergic neurotransmission
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Cited by (39)
ATP as a cotransmitter in sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves - another Burnstock legacy
2021, Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and ClinicalCitation Excerpt :Together, these processes raise cytoplasmic [Ca2+] high enough to induce contraction. In the vas deferens of a variety of species, including humans (Banks et al., 2006), combined pharmacological inhibition of P2X1R and α1-adrenoceptors has demonstrated that the initial phasic component of neurogenic contractions is largely purinergic, whereas the secondary, tonic phase is mostly noradrenergic (see Sneddon et al., 1996, 1999). The vas deferens of P2X1R-knockout mice displayed much smaller neurogenic contractions than wild-type animals and this was associated with a 90% decrease in fertility (Mulryan et al., 2000).
ATP as a cotransmitter in the autonomic nervous system
2015, Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and ClinicalCitation Excerpt :Concomitantly, NA stimulates α1-adrenoceptors to elicit release of Ca2 + stores, via IP3 and the combined rise in cytoplasmic [Ca2 +], together with Ca2 + sensitisation (see below), induces contraction. Numerous studies in a variety of species using desensitisation of the P2X1 receptor by α,β-meATP or antagonists, such as suramin, PPADS and NF023, combined with α1-adrenoceptor blockade, show that the initial phasic component of neurogenic contractions of the vas deferens is predominantly purinergic, whilst the secondary, tonic phase is predominantly noradrenergic (see Sneddon et al., 1996, 1999). PPADS has also been used to identify a purinergic component in neurogenic contractions of human vas deferens (Banks et al., 2006).
Influence of infection by Toxoplasma gondii on purine levels and E-ADA activity in the brain of mice experimentally infected mice
2014, Experimental ParasitologyCitation Excerpt :ADP, AMP, adenosine, inosine, hypoxanthine, xanthine and uric acid are intermediate products that also participate in this cascade. Among the purines, the ATP is a well known neurotransmitter, as well as adenosine is considered as an important CNS modulator in mammals (Ralevic and Burnstock, 1998; Rathbone et al., 1999; Sitkovsky and Ohta, 2005; Sneddon et al., 1999; Burnstock, 2006; Desrosiers et al., 2007). The concentration of extracellular adenosine is regulated by the activity of a small group of important enzymes including ecto-adenosine deaminase (E-ADA; EC: 3.5.4.4), which catalyses the conversion of the adenosine into its inactive metabolite inosine.
Changes in purine levels associated with cellular brain injury in gerbils experimentally infected with Neospora caninum
2014, Research in Veterinary ScienceDifferentiating connexin hemichannels and pannexin channels in cellular ATP release
2014, FEBS LettersCitation Excerpt :The biological relevance for adenine nucleotides acting as autocrine/paracrine signaling molecules is evident by the medley of purinergic receptor subtypes that are differentially expressed across cell types, the extracellular expression of nucleotidases whose activity fine tunes the abundance of ATP outside of the cell and the ubiquitous presence of ATP in all cells in the body, providing a pool of agonist for the initiation of purinergic signaling cascades in all aspects of human physiology. Indeed, purinergic signaling has been implicated in numerous physiological processes, including vascular tone and blood pressure regulation [1–7], respiratory control [8–10], and neurotransmission [11–14], as well as a number of pathologies including inflammation [15–18], atherosclerosis [19,20], cancer [21–24], and neurological disorders [25,26]. Two broad families of purinergic receptors have been identified to date, termed P1 and P2 receptors (for an extensive review on purinergic receptors see [27]).
Influence of experimental canine ehrlichiosis on the E-ADA activity and purine levels in serum and possible functional correlations with pathogenesis
2013, Veterinary MicrobiologyCitation Excerpt :ADP, AMP, adenosine, inosine, hypoxanthine and xanthine also participate on this cascade (Ralevic and Burnstock, 2003; Rathbone et al., 1999; Desrosiers et al., 2007). Purines play different vital functions in mammals, acting on neurotransmission, neuromodulation, coagulation and inflammation (Sneddon et al., 1999; Burnstock, 2006; Desrosiers et al., 2007). The ATP and adenosine are notable for their involvement in neurotransmission and immunological responses (Agresti et al., 2005; Bours et al., 2006).