A behavioral study of the contributions of cells and fibers of passage in the red nucleus of the rat to postural righting, skilled movements, and learning
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Cited by (45)
Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) affects forelimb motor map expression but has little effect on skilled and unskilled behavior
2016, NeuroscienceCitation Excerpt :We employed the single pellet skilled reaching task, which requires rats to produce a complex multi-joint coordinated behavior and gives both end-points (reach attempts and success) and reaching motion, which is parsed into 10 discrete subcomponents (Whishaw et al., 2003; Monfils and Teskey, 2004; Henry et al., 2008). Studies that have altered the cholinergic, serotonergic and dopaminergic systems or have created brain lesions or seizures have shown rats exhibit a decrease in reaching performance and alterations in motor map expression (Whishaw et al., 1992, 1993, 2007; Gharbawie and Whishaw, 2003; Kleim et al., 2003; Gharbawie et al., 2005; Henry et al., 2008; Conner et al., 2010; Flynn et al., 2010; Boychuk et al., 2011; Brown et al., 2011; Scullion et al., 2013). Therefore, the single pellet skilled reaching task has previously been used as an indicator of brain function and is sensitive to neurotransmitter system manipulations.
Long term study of deoxyribozyme administration to XT-1 mRNA promotes corticospinal tract regeneration and improves behavioral outcome after spinal cord injury
2016, Experimental NeurologyCitation Excerpt :The improving behavioral effects were observed on the right side, because the Scouten wire knife induces an asymmetrical injury (Weidner et al., 1999), in which the right rubrospinal tract (RST) is presumably less impaired than the left RST. The horizontal ladder task requires forelimb–hindlimb coordination, which is mediated by an orchestrated interplay of ventrolateral tracts (Brustein and Rossignol, 1999), a functioning reticulospinal system to initiate the stepping rhythm, as well as voluntary movement control, which is predominantly mediated by the CST (Z'Graggen et al., 1998; Woolf, 1984) and the rubrospinal system in rats (Muir and Whishaw, 1999; Whishaw et al., 1992). In our model additionally to the left RST, the dorsal columns and the dorsal CST are completely cut, whereas the right RST is less severed and the ventral and ventrolateral columns of the spinal cord, the location of the reticulospinal tract formation (pontine and medullary) are unimpaired.
The differential contributions of the parvocellular and the magnocellular subdivisions of the red nucleus to skilled reaching in the rat
2015, NeuroscienceCitation Excerpt :Similar difficulty can be observed in supination 2, as the execution of this movement element often takes place with the help of the unaffected paw. In the present study as well as in that of Whishaw et al. (1992), supination 2 was not scored as the shelf of the skilled reaching box often obscured this particular movement. Excitotoxic lesions to the parvocellular aspect of the red nucleus created a deleterious effect on the movement elements supination, although the severity of the impairment is less profound than that created by complete red nucleus lesions.
Conditional genetic deletion of PTEN after a spinal cord injury enhances regenerative growth of CST axons and motor function recovery in mice
2015, Experimental NeurologyCitation Excerpt :In rats, damage to the CST in the brain or spinal cord impairs forelimb motor function during skilled movements (Whishaw et al., 1998; Whishaw and Metz, 2002; Anderson et al., 2005; Kanagal and Muir, 2008). However, lesions of the rubrospinal system also impair forelimb function during skilled movements (Muir et al., 2007; Whishaw et al., 1992, 1998; Schrimsher and Reier, 1993) suggesting that other descending pathways could also be important in forelimb recovery. The GSM and hanging task assess flexor and general forelimb strength, and there is evidence that at least the GSM depends on the integrity of the sensorimotor cortex in mice (Blanco et al., 2007) and rats (Strong et al., 2009).
Behavioral and anatomical consequences of repetitive mild thoracic spinal cord contusion injury in the rat
2014, Experimental NeurologyBeyond the silence: Bilateral somatosensory stimulation enhances skilled movement quality and neural density in intact behaving rats
2013, Behavioural Brain ResearchCitation Excerpt :It is now widely accepted that motor cortex lesions in M1 disrupt reaching movements [29,36–38]. Moreover, connected regions such as striatum [30,39,40], red nucleus [41], cerebellum and the inferior olive [75] can affect skilled reaching movement. Damage to the descending pathways, including the corticospinal tract (CST; [42,43]), rubrospinal tract (RST; [76]), tectospinal and reticulospinal tracts [44], also impairs the execution of skilled forelimb movements.