Impairment of maze learning in rats by restricting environmental space
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Sex Steroids and Acetylcholine Release in the Hippocampus
2010, Vitamins and HormonesCitation Excerpt :Moreover, voluntary running enhances neurogenesis, spatial learning and synaptic plasticity in mice (van Praag et al., 1999). By contrast, a restriction of exploratory behavior not only reduces ACh release (Mitsushima et al., 1998) but also impaired spatial learning (Mitsushima et al., 2001). Therefore, to analyze the precise effects of sex steroids on ACh release, we simultaneously analyzed ACh release and spontaneous locomotor activity to determine the precise effect of sex steroids.
Postpubertal feeding experience affects sex-specific spatial ability in rats
2008, Physiology and BehaviorCitation Excerpt :Moreover, we reported that 4-day housing in a small cage decreased the spontaneous locomotor activity and ACh release in the hippocampus [27,33]. Consequently, housing in a small cage impaired spatial ability in the radial 8-arm maze [49]. In sum, the feeding conditions may increase the spontaneous locomotor activity, resulting in elevation of the hippocampal ACh release and improvement of spatial ability in female rats.
Rats living in small cages respond to restraint stress with adrenocortical corticosterone release but not with hippocampal acetylcholine release
2003, PsychoneuroendocrinologyCitation Excerpt :In support of this view, it has been claimed that even psychological stress can damage the hippocampal structure and function (McEwen, 2000). Although the recent finding that the nighttime loss of ACh release in the hippocampus of rats living in small cages was associated with impairment of spatial learning seemed to support this claim (Mitsushima et al., 2001), we desired to further analyze the cause of this peculiar phenomenon. As a first step, we checked whether rats living in small cages could respond normally to the stress of restraint, which is considered to act as emotional as well as physical stress.
The impact of environmental and social factors on learning abilities: a meta-analysis
2021, Biological Reviews