The interleukin-1β-mediated regulation of proenkephalin and opioid receptor messenger RNA in primary astrocyte-enriched cultures
Section snippets
Chemicals
All chemicals, unless otherwise stated, were of reagent grade and were obtained from Sigma (St. Louis, MO).
Primary glial cell cultures
Primary glial cultures were established as described previously.[22](Note that in the generation of primary cell cultures, all animal procedures were conducted in accordance with the guidelines set forth by the National Institute of Health for the care and use of laboratory animals. Additionally, all efforts were made to keep animal stress, suffering and discomfort to a minimum, and to
Effects of interleukin-1β on opioid receptor mRNA levels
Following a 24 h treatment with IL-1β (1 ng/ml=60 pM), the level of μ receptor mRNA was found to be increased in astrocyte-enriched cultures established from the striatum, cerebellum and hippocampus (Fig. 1, Table 1). This increase, which represented an approximate 55–75% elevation above control μ receptor mRNA levels, was not observed in the cortical or hypothalamic astrocyte-enriched cultures. Therefore, IL-1β produced a differential up-regulation of μ receptor mRNA in these cultures, confirming
Conclusions
Although the physiological significance of an IL-1β-mediated regulation of the astroglial opioid peptide and receptor mRNAs is unknown, it is interesting to note that both IL-1β and opioids have been implicated in the modulation of cell proliferation in the CNS. CNS infection, trauma or injury has been shown to enhance IL-1β synthesis and secretion in various immune cells, neurons and astrocytes.13, 21The secreted IL-1β produces many effects, including the activation of astrocytes and the
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by NIDA (grants DA 02265 and DA 08920). Additionally, B.B.R. was supported by a post-doctoral fellowship from NIDA (grant T32 DA 07268-05).
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