Ethanol-response genes and their regulation analyzed by a microarray and comparative genomic approach in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans☆
Section snippets
Effects of ethanol on C. elegans behavior
We first confirmed the relevance of ethanol action in C. elegans to that in higher organisms, as previously reported [24]. When treated with 7% ethanol, the nematode responded to this stress by showing higher motility and then started to slow its movement and eventually stopped moving (Fig. 1A). This series of action occurred within 10 min. When retrieved from ethanol, the animals began to recover from ataxia within 3 min, fully recovering by 10 min, indicating that the ethanol effect was fully
Strains and culture
C. elegans Bristol strain N2 was used as wild type. C. briggsae was obtained from the Caenorhabditis Genome Center. Worms were maintained by standard methods at 20°C, as previously described [30].
Ethanol microarray experiments of worms
To extract mRNA for use as probes for microarray analysis, wild-type worms were grown on roughly 80 NGM-Lite plates with 100 mm diameter, which were seeded with OP50-1, a streptomycin-resistant strain of Escherichia coli. The worms were harvested with S basal buffer, divided equally, and treated in
Acknowledgements
We thank S.H. Im and S.K. Jeon for technical support. We also thank Dr. Byung Soo Kim and his research group at the Department of Applied Statistics, Yonsei University, for their helpful discussion. We also thank Dr. A. Fire for the vectors and Caenorhabditis Genome Center for the nematode strain. This project was supported by a National Research Laboratory grant (M1-0318-00-0053) from the Ministry of Science and Technology, Korea.
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Supplementary data associated with this article can be found at doi:10.1016/S0888-7543(03)00335-5.
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These two authors equally contributed to this work.