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Characterization of a novel large-field cone bipolar cell type in the primate retina: Evidence for selective cone connections

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 December 2010

HANNAH R. JOO ,
BETH B. PETERSON ,
TONI J. HAUN  and
DENNIS M. DACEY
HANNAH R. JOO
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Structure and the National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
BETH B. PETERSON
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Structure and the National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
TONI J. HAUN
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Structure and the National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
DENNIS M. DACEY*
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Structure and the National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
*
*Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Dr. Dennis M. Dacey, Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7420. E-mail: dmd@u.washington.edu
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Abstract

Parallel processing of visual information begins at the first synapse in the retina between the photoreceptors and bipolar cells. Ten bipolar cell types have been previously described in the primate retina: one rod and nine cone bipolar types. In this paper, we describe an 11th type of bipolar cell identified in Golgi-stained macaque retinal whole mount and vertical section. Axonal stratification depth, in addition to dendritic and axonal morphology, distinguished the “giant” cell from all previously well-recognized bipolar cell types. The giant bipolar cell had a very large and sparsely branched dendritic tree and a relatively large axonal arbor that costratified with the DB4 bipolar cell near the center of the inner plexiform layer. The sparseness of the giant bipolar’s dendritic arbor indicates that, like the blue cone bipolar, it does not contact all the cones in its dendritic field. Giant cells contacting the same cones as midget bipolar cells, which are known to contact single long-wavelength (L) or medium-wavelength (M) cones, demonstrate that the giant cell does not exclusively contact short-wavelength (S) cones and, therefore, is not a variant of the previously described blue cone bipolar. This conclusion is further supported by measurement of the cone contact spacing for the giant bipolar. The giant cell contacts an average of about half the cones in its dendritic field (mean ± s.d. = 52 ± 17.6%; n = 6), with a range of 27–82%. The dendrites from single or neighboring giant cells that converge onto the same cones suggest that the giant cell may selectively target a subset of cones with a highly variable local density, such as the L or M cones.

Keywords

Giant bipolarMacaqueGolgiColor vision
Type
Research Article
Information
Visual Neuroscience , Volume 28 , Issue 1 , January 2011 , pp. 29 - 37
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2010

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