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Integration of surface information in primary visual cortex

Abstract

Ample evidence suggests that primary visual cortex is involved in the perception of form, and there is increasing evidence that it may also be important in the perception of surfaces. Perceptual qualities of surfaces, such as brightness, are based on extensive integration of information throughout the visual field. In primary visual cortex, we found that the responses of neurons to surfaces were also influenced by the intensity and organization of light in large portions of the visual field. Interactions with surrounding stimuli typically extended 10 to 20 degrees beyond a cell's receptive field, the same spatial scale as perceptual interactions. Moreover, there were both facilitatory and inhibitory influences, just as there are additive and subtractive perceptual interactions. Surprisingly, influences from outside the receptive field obtained with surface stimuli did not reliably correlate with influences recorded with gratings. These properties suggest that the underlying neuronal interactions may serve as the fundamental building blocks of surface perception.

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Figure 1: Effect of uniform disk size on firing rate of six cells.
Figure 2: Distribution of neurons into the six response categories illustrated in Fig. 1.
Figure 3: Response of two cells to gratings () and uniform disks (▪) as size increased beyond the receptive field.
Figure 4: Response of two cells with increasing distance from the center of the receptive field to the edge of a uniform disk (▪) or to the inner edge of an annulus three degrees thick ().
Figure 5: Effect of light level on neural response.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Jill Hall and Smita Nayak for their assistance with the physiological recordings and Lisa Hurlburt for histology. This research was supported by a grant from the National Eye Institute.

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Correspondence to Michael A. Paradiso.

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MacEvoy, S., Kim, W. & Paradiso, M. Integration of surface information in primary visual cortex. Nat Neurosci 1, 616–620 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1038/2849

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