Fibronectin‐Integrin (α5β1) Modulates Migration and Invasion of Murine Melanoma Cell Line B16F10 by Involving MMP-9

Cell adhesion to extracellular matrix (ECM) initiates signaling cascade regulated by cell surface integrin receptors, which affects the proliferation and invasion of cells. Cells cultured in the presence of ECM ligand fibronectin (FN) stimulate secretion of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), facilitating cancer cell invasion and metastasis. Among all the members of the MMP family, MMP-9 is of crucial importance in tumor invasion and metastasis. The present study aims at studying the effects of integrin receptor α5β1 and its ligand FN on expression of MMP-9 in murine melanoma cell line B16F10 and understanding the molecular mechanism(s) involved. The main experimental methods performed in the study were gelatin zymography, immunoblot, real-time RT-PCR, immunocytochemistry, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), transwell chamber assay, and in vivo metastasis assay in syngenic (C57BL6J) mice. The study reports that FN induces the activity, mRNA, and protein expression of MMP-9 and initiates its proteolytic activation in B16F10 cells. Blockage of the α5 receptor abrogated the FN-mediated stimulatory response on MMP-9 in B16F10 cells. Inhibitor studies and immunoblot analysis strongly suggest the involvement of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), extracellular regulated kinase (ERK), and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI-3K) in the FN-mediated responses. Immunocytochemical analysis showed the nuclear localization of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) might lead to activation of MMP-9 gene upon FN treatment. This study demonstrates that integrin receptor α5β1 and FN interaction induces the invasive potential of B16F10 cells and MMP-9 induction is the downstream effectors in the process. This system serves as a novel model system to understand the molecular mechanism of melanoma growth and invasion.