Abstract
Members of the Pak family of serine/threonine kinases serve as targets for the small GTP-binding proteins Cdc42 and Rac and have been implicated in a wide range of biological activities. Recently, some exciting developments help elaborate the regulation of Pak activity and identify downstream signalling targets. These include the discovery of the Cool/Pix and Cat proteins, which modulate Pak signalling, and downstream kinases that modulate the organization of the actin cytoskeleton or gene expression. We present these recent findings and consider how these new regulators and targets could explain some of the cellular effects that have been attributed to Pak family members.
MeSH terms
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Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
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Animals
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Cell Cycle Proteins / metabolism
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Cell Nucleus / metabolism
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Cytoskeleton / metabolism
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GTP-Binding Proteins / metabolism
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GTPase-Activating Proteins
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Gene Expression Regulation
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Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors*
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Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
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Macromolecular Substances
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Models, Biological
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Oncogene Proteins / physiology
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Phosphoproteins / metabolism
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Protein Binding
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Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / physiology*
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Rho Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors
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Signal Transduction
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cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein
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p21-Activated Kinases
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rac GTP-Binding Proteins
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src Homology Domains
Substances
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Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
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Cell Cycle Proteins
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GIT1 protein, human
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GTPase-Activating Proteins
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Git2 protein, mouse
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Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors
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Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
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Macromolecular Substances
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Nck protein
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Oncogene Proteins
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Phosphoproteins
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Rho Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors
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PAK1 protein, human
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PAK2 protein, human
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PAK3 protein, human
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Pak1 protein, mouse
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Pak2 protein, mouse
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Pak3 protein, mouse
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Pak4 protein, mouse
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Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases
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p21-Activated Kinases
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GTP-Binding Proteins
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cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein
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rac GTP-Binding Proteins