Hearing sensitivity was examined prospectively in young children as a function of otitis media with effusion (OME) status in Years 1, 2, and 3. Hearing and OME status were sampled bimonthly from 5 to 36 months of age. Behavioral thresholds were obtained at 4 test frequencies (500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz) using visual reinforcement audiometry and conditioned play audiometry techniques. The majority of children's audiograms were obtained using a computer-controlled test procedure. Thresholds for the test frequencies were averaged for each visit and then averaged across all visits in each year. Reference values were developed for infants and children in Years 1, 2, and 3 who were OME free. Results reveal that children who were classified as bilaterally OME positive in Years 1, 2, and 3 had significantly poorer hearing than children classified as bilaterally OME free in each of these time periods. There was no difference in hearing as a function of gender, socioeconomic status, or birth-risk status.