The tetracycline conditional system is a very powerful method for achieving control of gene expression in transgenic mice, allowing one to turn expression both off and on in the same animal. We have used it to make a tissue-specific transgenic mouse model of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A. This disease is most commonly caused by overexpression of peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP22) in Schwann cells of the peripheral nervous system. Here we describe the effects of position of integration of the transgene, tetracycline analogue and mouse strain in this model. The small transgenes used to express tTA, the LacZ reporter and the pmp22 cDNA were all very dependent on the position of integration with few of the transgenic lines working successfully. In contrast, the single transgenic made with the 560 kb yeast artificial chromosome construct containing the tTA open reading frame worked well. Tetracycline was found to be cleared from mice relatively fast in comparison with doxycycline and is thus useful if one wants to switch on gene expression after extended periods of administration. Finally, the initial litters were on a mixed genetic background and the level of LacZ or pmp22 expression was very variable between mice. We found that expression became uniform between mice, and occurred in a higher proportion of cells, when the transgenes were crossed onto the CBA/Ca background in comparison with the C57BL/6J background.