We aimed to clarify the overall distribution of glycinergic neurons in the midbrain, pons, and cerebellum in rats, using in situ hybridization for mRNA encoding glycine transporter 2 (GLYT2), which reliably detects glycinergic cell bodies. We combined this method with in situ hybridization for mRNA encoding glutamic acid decarboxylase isoform 67 (GAD67), and have presented for the first time global and detailed views of the distribution of glycinergic neurons in relation to GABAergic neurons. In addition to this single-detection study, we performed double-detection of GLYT2 mRNA and GAD67 mRNA to determine the distribution of neurons co-expressing these mRNAs. We have shown that many areas of the brainstem and cerebellum, not only areas where previous immunohistochemical studies have specified, involve double-labeled neurons with GLYT2 and GAD67 mRNAs. In particular, when lightly labeled GLYT2 mRNA-positive neurons were distributed within the area of GAD67 mRNA-positive neurons, almost all such GLYT2 mRNA-positive neurons were GAD67 mRNA-positive. Areas or neuron groups expressing exclusively GLYT2 mRNA or GAD67 mRNA were rather limited, such as the superior colliculus, nucleus of the trapezoid body, and Purkinje cells. The present study suggests that the corelease of glycine and GABA from single neurons is more widespread than has been reported.