Reconsolidation-the stabilization of a memory after retrieval-is hypothesized to be a critical and distinct component of memory processing, the disruption of which results in memory impairment. In the rat, we found that activation of amygdalar protein kinase A (PKA) was sufficient to enhance memory only when it was retrieved; in contrast, PKA inhibition impaired reconsolidation. This study demonstrates both a selective enhancement and an impairment of memory reconsolidation dependent on amygdalar PKA.