In two experiments, we explored sequential modulations of correspondence effects in a prime-target paradigm. In Experiment 1, the participants responded to the direction of target arrows that were preceded by prime arrows with a corresponding or noncorresponding direction. This produced a prime-target correspondence effect that was reduced when the preceding trial contained a noncorresponding prime-target event. This sequential modulation of the correspondence effect was observed even when neither stimuli nor responses were repeated from one trial to the next, ruling out explanations of sequential modulations in terms of stimulus or response repetitions. Experiment 2 combined the prime-target correspondence effect with a Simon-type correspondence effect. Both effects were reduced following noncorrespondence of the same type and, to a lesser extent, following noncorrespondence of the other type. Altogether, these results suggest that part of the sequential modulation of correspondence effects reflects an adaptation to a preceding response conflict independently of the peripheral stimulus events that produced this conflict.