Abstract
Cajal-Retzius cells are critical in the development of the cerebral cortex, but little is known about the mechanisms controlling their development. Three focal sources of Cajal-Retzius cells have been identified in mice-the cortical hem, the ventral pallium and the septum-from where they migrate tangentially to populate the cortical surface. Using a variety of tissue culture assays and in vivo manipulations, we demonstrate that the tangential migration of cortical hem-derived Cajal-Retzius cells is controlled by the meninges. We show that the meningeal membranes are a necessary and sufficient substrate for the tangential migration of Cajal-Retzius cells. We also show that the chemokine CXCL12 secreted by the meninges enhances the dispersion of Cajal-Retzius cells along the cortical surface, while retaining them within the marginal zone in a CXCR4-dependent manner. Thus, the meningeal membranes are fundamental in the development of Cajal-Retzius cells and, hence, in the normal development of the cerebral cortex.
Publication types
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Comparative Study
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Benzylamines
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Calbindin 2
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Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal / genetics
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Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal / metabolism
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Cell Movement / physiology*
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Cells, Cultured
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Cerebral Cortex / cytology*
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Chemokine CXCL12
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Chemokines, CXC / metabolism
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Cyclams
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Embryo, Mammalian
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Epithelial Cells / physiology
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Extracellular Matrix Proteins / genetics
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Extracellular Matrix Proteins / metabolism
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Fluorescent Antibody Technique / methods
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Green Fluorescent Proteins / metabolism
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Heterocyclic Compounds / pharmacology
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In Situ Hybridization / methods
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Indoles
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Laminin / metabolism
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Meninges / cytology
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Meninges / physiology*
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Mice
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Mice, Inbred ICR
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Mice, Transgenic
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Nerve Tissue Proteins / genetics
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Nerve Tissue Proteins / metabolism
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Neurons* / drug effects
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Neurons* / physiology
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Organ Culture Techniques
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Receptors, CXCR4 / deficiency
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Receptors, CXCR4 / physiology*
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Reelin Protein
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S100 Calcium Binding Protein G / metabolism
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Serine Endopeptidases / genetics
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Serine Endopeptidases / metabolism
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Signal Transduction / physiology*
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Transplants
Substances
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Benzylamines
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Calbindin 2
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Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal
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Chemokine CXCL12
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Chemokines, CXC
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Cxcl12 protein, mouse
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Cyclams
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Extracellular Matrix Proteins
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Heterocyclic Compounds
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Indoles
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Laminin
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Nerve Tissue Proteins
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Receptors, CXCR4
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Reelin Protein
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S100 Calcium Binding Protein G
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Green Fluorescent Proteins
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DAPI
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Serine Endopeptidases
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