A major question in the field of sensory substitution concerns the nature of the perception generated by sensory substitution devices. In the present fMRI study, we investigated the neural substrates of pattern recognition through a device substituting audition for vision in blindfolded sighted subjects, before and after a short training period. Before training, pattern recognition recruited dorsal and ventral extra-striate areas. After training, the recruitment of these visual areas was found to have increased. These results suggest that visual imagery processes could be involved in pattern recognition and that perception through the substitution device could be visual-like.