Synergistic induction of cyclin D1 in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells by IGF-I and FGF-2 requires differential stimulation of multiple signaling pathways

Glia. 2007 Aug 1;55(10):1011-22. doi: 10.1002/glia.20520.

Abstract

D-type cyclins are direct targets of extracellular signals and critical regulators of G(1) progression. Our previous data demonstrated that IGF-I and FGF-2 synergize to enhance cyclin D1 expression, cyclin E/cdk2 complex activation, and S-phase entry in OP cells. Here, we provide a mechanistic explanation for how two growth factor signaling pathways converge on a major cell cycle regulator. IGF-I and FGF-2 differentially activate signaling pathways to coordinately promote cyclin D1 expression. We show that the p44/p42 MAPK signaling pathway is essential for FGF-2 induction of cyclin D1 mRNA. In contrast, blocking the PI3-Kinase pathway results in loss of IGF-I/FGF-2 synergistic induction of cyclin D1 protein levels. Moreover, the presence of IGF-I significantly enhances nuclear localization of cyclin D1, which also requires PI3K signaling. GSK-3beta, a downstream target of the PI3K/Akt pathway, is phosphorylated in the presence of IGF-I in OPs. Consistent with a known role for GSK-3beta in cyclin D1 degradation, we show that proteasome inhibition in OPs exposed to FGF-2 increased cyclin D1 levels, equivalent to levels seen in IGF-I/FGF-2 treated cells. Thus, we provide a model for cyclin D1 coordinate regulation where FGF-2 stimulation of the MAPK pathway promotes cyclin D1 mRNA expression while IGF-I activation of the PI3K pathway inhibits proteasome degradation of cyclin D1 and enhances nuclear localization of cyclin D1.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Active Transport, Cell Nucleus / drug effects
  • Active Transport, Cell Nucleus / physiology
  • Animals
  • Animals, Newborn
  • Cell Cycle / drug effects
  • Cell Cycle / physiology
  • Cell Differentiation / drug effects
  • Cell Differentiation / physiology
  • Cell Proliferation / drug effects
  • Cells, Cultured
  • Coculture Techniques
  • Cyclin D
  • Cyclins / drug effects
  • Cyclins / metabolism*
  • Drug Synergism
  • Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / metabolism*
  • Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / pharmacology
  • Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 / drug effects
  • Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 / metabolism
  • Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta
  • Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / metabolism*
  • Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / pharmacology
  • MAP Kinase Signaling System / drug effects
  • MAP Kinase Signaling System / physiology
  • Models, Biological
  • Oligodendroglia / drug effects
  • Oligodendroglia / metabolism*
  • Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / metabolism
  • Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors
  • Phosphorylation / drug effects
  • Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex / drug effects
  • Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex / metabolism
  • Rats
  • Rats, Sprague-Dawley
  • Signal Transduction / drug effects
  • Signal Transduction / physiology*
  • Stem Cells / drug effects
  • Stem Cells / metabolism*
  • Up-Regulation / drug effects
  • Up-Regulation / physiology

Substances

  • Cyclin D
  • Cyclins
  • Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors
  • Fibroblast Growth Factor 2
  • Insulin-Like Growth Factor I
  • Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta
  • Gsk3b protein, rat
  • Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3
  • Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex