Abstract
Cytochrome c is primarily known for its function in the mitochondria as a key participant in the life-supporting function of ATP synthesis. However, when a cell receives an apoptotic stimulus, cytochrome c is released into the cytosol and triggers programmed cell death through apoptosis. The release of cytochrome c and cytochrome-c-mediated apoptosis are controlled by multiple layers of regulation, the most prominent players being members of the B-cell lymphoma protein-2 (BCL2) family. As well as its role in canonical intrinsic apoptosis, cytochrome c amplifies signals that are generated by other apoptotic pathways and participates in certain non-apoptotic functions.
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Apoptosis / physiology*
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Caspases / metabolism
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Cell Respiration / physiology*
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Cyclosporine / metabolism
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Cytochromes c / chemistry
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Cytochromes c / genetics
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Cytochromes c / metabolism*
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Humans
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Mitochondria / metabolism*
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Mitochondria / ultrastructure
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Models, Molecular
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Protein Isoforms / genetics
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Protein Isoforms / metabolism
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Protein Structure, Tertiary
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / metabolism
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bcl-2 Homologous Antagonist-Killer Protein / metabolism
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bcl-2-Associated X Protein / metabolism
Substances
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Protein Isoforms
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2
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bcl-2 Homologous Antagonist-Killer Protein
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bcl-2-Associated X Protein
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Cyclosporine
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Cytochromes c
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Caspases