Design and characterization of a chimeric ferritin with enhanced iron loading and transverse NMR relaxation rate

J Biol Inorg Chem. 2010 Aug;15(6):957-65. doi: 10.1007/s00775-010-0657-7. Epub 2010 Apr 17.

Abstract

This paper describes the design and characterization of a novel ferritin chimera. The iron storage protein ferritin forms a paramagnetic ferrihydrite core. This biomineral, when placed in a magnetic field, can decrease the transverse NMR relaxation times (T (2) and T (2)*) of nearby mobile water protons. Ferritin nucleic acid constructs have recently been studied as "probeless" magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reporters. Following reporter expression, ferritin sequesters endogenous iron and imparts hypointensity to T (2)- and T (2)*-weighted images in an amount proportional to the ferritin iron load. Wild-type ferritin consists of various ratios of heavy H and light L subunits, and their ratio affects ferritin's stability and iron storage capacity. We report a novel chimeric ferritin with a fixed subunit stoichiometry obtained by fusion of the L and the H subunits (L*H and H*L) using a flexible linker. We characterize these supramolecular ferritins expressed in human cells, including their iron loading characteristics, hydrodynamic size, subcellular localization, and effect on solvent water T (2) relaxation rate. Interestingly, we found that the L*H chimera exhibits a significantly enhanced iron loading ability and T (2) relaxation compared to wild-type ferritin. We suggest that the L*H chimera may be useful as a sensitive MRI reporter molecule.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Amino Acid Sequence
  • Animals
  • Cell Line
  • Ferritins / chemistry*
  • Ferritins / genetics
  • Ferritins / isolation & purification
  • Ferritins / metabolism*
  • Humans
  • Iron / metabolism*
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Molecular Sequence Data
  • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular*
  • Protein Denaturation
  • Protein Engineering / methods*
  • Recombinant Fusion Proteins / chemistry*
  • Recombinant Fusion Proteins / genetics
  • Recombinant Fusion Proteins / isolation & purification
  • Recombinant Fusion Proteins / metabolism*

Substances

  • Recombinant Fusion Proteins
  • Ferritins
  • Iron