Anatomical tracing studies indicate that the nucleus accumbens receives inputs from limbic structures, and projects to the ventral pallidum. In order to get more fundamental insight into how information from the limbic areas is relayed via the nucleus accumbens, electrophysiological experiments were carried out in rats under halothane anaesthesia. Inputs originating in the subiculum were activated by electrical stimulation of the fornix fibres, and both field potentials and extracellular unit activity were recorded from the medial and lateral aspects of the nucleus accumbens. Evoked potentials consisted of two positive peaks (P1 at 10 ms and P2 at 25-30 ms). In between a negative-going wave (N1) was present. These initial components were followed by a complex negative wave (N2) with variable duration of 30-100 ms. The P2 and N2 components showed a conspicuous paired-pulse facilitation at stimulus intervals between 80 and at least 200 ms. When responses were recorded at increasing stimulus intensity, the second response emerged at lower threshold than the first response. The mechanisms underlying these phenomena were investigated by analysing the extracellularly recorded unit activity. Primarily, excitatory responses were found. Onset-latencies could be divided roughly into two clusters, one around 10 ms, representing monosynaptic inputs, and a second around 24-26 ms. Inhibitory responses were also found. Stimulation of the ventral pallidum was carried out in order to test whether the cells that could be driven by stimulation of the subicular inputs were projection cells. Latencies of antidromic action potentials ranged from 9 to 13 ms. A minority of the identified projection cells were activated by limbic inputs. The projection cells were found in the core region of the nucleus accumbens. Units that were inhibited by stimulation of the limbic inputs were found in the shell only, whereas excitatory responses were measured in both subdivisions of the nucleus accumbens. For the latter responses a significant enhancement, by a factor of four, was found using double pulse stimulation of the fornix at intervals of 100 ms. The basic electrophysiological properties are compared with those described in the literature, and speculations about the possible mechanisms responsible for the paired-pulse facilitation phenomena are put forward.