The postnatal development of the dopaminergic input to the rat anterior cingulate cortex (area 24) was followed using anti-tyrosine hydroxylase immunocytochemistry and catecholamine fluorescence histochemistry in control and noradrenaline-depleted rats. Noradrenaline depletion in the cerebral cortex was obtained by peripheral injections of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) at birth or N-2-chloroethyl-N-ethyl-2-bromobenzylamine (DSP4) at various postnatal ages and controlled by the absence of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase-labelled axons. The superficial and deep components of the anterior cingulate dopaminergic field developed at a different rate in control as well as lesioned rats. The deep supragenual dopaminergic field was already present at birth like the dopaminergic innervation of the prefrontal cortex area 32. In the superficial field, the molecular layer was reached first from postnatal day 3 (P3) on by positive axons running through the anterior hippocampal continuation and from P5-P6 on by another dopaminergic contingent coming through the deep dopaminergic field and giving off collaterals for layer III. The adult distribution pattern and striking varicose aspect were not reached until P21-P30 and a further increased density was observed until P60. The superficial cingulate dopaminergic field extended into the pregenual part of area 24b. The innervation of the superficial and deep layers of the rat anterior cingulate cortex by two distinct dopaminergic subpopulations, one of them closely related to that of prefrontal cortex area 32, could be compared with other laminar differences. The important functional implications of these data are further discussed.