The enhanced neural response in the olfactory bulbs of rat pups following early olfactory experience is specific to the familiar odor. Pups were exposed daily to either peppermint or cyclohexanone odor for the first 18 postnatal days. On day 19, peppermint-familiar pups exposed to peppermint had significantly higher [14C]2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) uptake in a focal glomerular area compared with the response to peppermint by cyclohexanone-familiar pups. We also found that cyclohexanone-experienced pups had a subsequent enhanced response to cyclohexanone odor in glomerular areas medial and caudal to those responding to peppermint. None of the 2-DG uptake differences were attributable to respiration differences between the groups during any part of the odor test.