The distribution of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH)-immunoreactive perikarya and processes was examined, in the untreated rat, with the unlabeled antibody enzyme method of immunocytochemistry on thick 50 micron vibratome sections. LHRH neurons were primarily observed in the preoptico-anterior hypothalamic and septal areas. Projections from these cell bodies to the median eminence form three distinct pathways, one laterally along the course of the optic tracts, one medially through the periventricular stratum of the third ventricle, and one through the tractus infundibularis. In addition, some of these cell bodies project to the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT) and the subfornical organ (SFO). LHRH immunoreactive neurons were also noted in the anterior olfactory regions; they project along the medial olfactory tract to the olfactory bulb.