The striatofugal fiber system in primates is believed to be composed of separate subsystems terminating in either the external (GPe) or internal (GPi) segment of the globus pallidus, or in the substantia nigra (SN). At variance with this concept is the present demonstration of single biocytin-labeled striatofugal axons that arborize in the three major target structures of the striatum in cynomolgus monkeys. Out of nine single-labeled axons that were analyzed in detail, one terminated exclusively in GPc, another in both GPc and GPi, whereas the rest arborized in GPe, GPi and SN. The axons that branched in the three sites had one preferential recipient structure where they arborized profusely and formed typical woolly fibers. These findings suggest that, in contrast to previous beliefs based on results of retrograde double-labeling studies, most striatofugal axons arborize within more than one striatal target structures in primates.