The induction of c-Fos-like immunoreactivity (c-FLI) in the intermediate division of the nucleus of the solitary tract (iNTS) has been shown to be a reliable cellular correlate of the acquisition and/or behavioral expression of a conditioned taste aversion (CTA). To begin to define neuroanatomical structures and pathways that contribute to this cellular response and to CTA learning in general, electrolytic lesions of the amygdala were combined with immunostaining for c-FLI. Rats were given either unilateral or bilateral electrolytic lesions of the amygdala or "sham' operations. Following surgery "paired' animals were given a single conditioning trial consisting of intraoral infusion of 5 ml 0.15% sodium-saccharin followed by injection with LiCl (0.15 M, 20 ml/kg, i.p.) while "unpaired' controls received a non-contingent saccharin-LiCl presentation. When tested, unilateral-lesioned rats displayed a CTA by rejecting the saccharin, but increases in c-FLI were evident only on the side of the iNTS contralateral to the lesion. Rats with bilateral lesions showed no evidence of having acquired a CTA and no increase in c-FLI in iNTS relative to unpaired controls. These findings support involvement of amygdala in CTA learning and suggest that a lateralized connection between amygdala and iNTS is necessary for the conditioned c-FLI which is induced by exposure to a conditioned aversive taste.