Global precedence was examined in 8 baboons and 14 humans using compound stimuli presented in the left visual hemifield (LVF) or the right visual hemifield (RVF). Humans showed a global advantage and global-to-local interference. Baboons showed a local advantage and no interference. For humans and baboons, a LVF advantage appeared for global matching and an unsignificant RVF advantage appeared for local matching. The local advantage in baboons still emerged when the memory load of the task was removed and when the local elements were connected by lines or were adjacent. Moreover, global precedence in humans persisted with unfamiliar forms. Species differences suggest that global precedence is not a universal trait and that this effect in humans does not have a purely perceptual or sensory basis.