Properties of human glial cells associated with epileptic seizure foci

Epilepsy Res. 1998 Sep;32(1-2):286-303. doi: 10.1016/s0920-1211(98)00059-x.

Abstract

We studied physiological properties of glial cells from acute slices of biopsies from patients operated for intractable mesio-temporal lobe epilepsy using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings. Cells were filled with Lucifer Yellow (LY) during recordings to allow morphological reconstruction and immunohistochemical cell identification. Seizure-associated astrocytes had complex, arborized, highly branched processes giving them a stellate appearance, and cells stained intensely for the intermediate filament GFAP as previously reported for 'reactive' astrocytes. GFAP-positive astrocytes from epilepsy biopsies consistently expressed voltage-activated, TTX-sensitive Na+ channels that showed fast activation and inactivation kinetics. Unlike comparison astrocytes, derived from tissues that were not associated with seizure foci, these astrocytes expressed Na+ channels at densities sufficient to generate slow action potentials (spikes) in current clamp studies. In these cells, the ratio of Na+ to K+ conductance was consistently 3-4-fold higher than in comparison human or control rat astrocytes. Four of 17 astrocytes from epilepsy patients versus 14/14 from control rat hippocampus and four of five in comparison human tissue showed a lack of inwardly rectifying K+ currents, which in normal astrocytes are implicated in the control of extracellular K+ levels. These results suggest that astrocytes surrounding seizure foci differ in morphological and physiological properties, and that glial K+ buffering could be impaired at the seizure focus, thus contributing to the pathophysiology of seizures.

Publication types

  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Animals
  • Astrocytes / pathology
  • Astrocytes / physiology
  • Epilepsies, Partial / pathology
  • Epilepsies, Partial / physiopathology*
  • Epilepsies, Partial / surgery
  • Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe / pathology
  • Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe / physiopathology*
  • Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe / surgery
  • Female
  • Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / analysis
  • Hippocampus / pathology
  • Hippocampus / physiopathology*
  • Hippocampus / surgery
  • Humans
  • In Vitro Techniques
  • Membrane Potentials
  • Middle Aged
  • Neuroglia / pathology
  • Neuroglia / physiology*
  • Potassium Channels / physiology
  • Rats
  • Reference Values
  • Sodium Channels / physiology
  • Temporal Lobe / pathology
  • Temporal Lobe / physiopathology*
  • Temporal Lobe / surgery

Substances

  • Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein
  • Potassium Channels
  • Sodium Channels