Abstract
MAP-kinase signaling pathways are activated by multiple extracellular stimuli. The specificity of activation and function of MAP-kinase signaling modules is determined, in part, by scaffold proteins that create multienzyme complexes. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, two MAP-kinase-scaffold proteins have been identified. Recent studies of mammalian cells have also led to the identification of putative scaffold proteins. These scaffold proteins appear to facilitate MAP-kinase activation, in response to specific physiological stimuli, and to insulate the bound MAP-kinase module against activation by irrelevant stimuli. Scaffold proteins are therefore critical components of MAP-kinase modules and ensure signaling specificity.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
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Review
MeSH terms
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Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing*
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Animals
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Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / metabolism*
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Carrier Proteins / chemistry
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Carrier Proteins / metabolism
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Cytoskeletal Proteins
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Fungal Proteins / chemistry
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Fungal Proteins / metabolism
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Mammals
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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases*
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Protein Kinases / chemistry
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Protein Kinases / metabolism
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Proteins / chemistry*
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Proteins / metabolism*
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Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins*
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Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins*
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Substrate Specificity
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Transcription Factors / chemistry
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Transcription Factors / metabolism
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Yeasts / metabolism*
Substances
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Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
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Carrier Proteins
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Cytoskeletal Proteins
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Fungal Proteins
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Proteins
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SPA2 protein, S cerevisiae
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STE5 protein, S cerevisiae
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Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins
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Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins
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Transcription Factors
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ste11 protein, S pombe
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Protein Kinases
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Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases
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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases
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PBS2 protein, S cerevisiae