The nervous system detects and interprets a wide range of thermal and mechanical stimuli,
as well as environmental and endogenous chemical irritants. When intense, these stimuli …

The sensation of pain alerts us to real or impending injury and triggers appropriate protective
responses. Unfortunately, pain often outlives its usefulness as a warning system and …

In 1978, we published two reviews on pain control mechanisms in the central nervous system.
One concentrated on brainstem control of spinal nociceptive neurons (Fields & Basbaum …

Capsaicin, the main pungent ingredient in "hot" chili peppers, elicits burning pain by activating
specific (vanilloid) receptors on sensory nerve endings. The cloned vanilloid receptor (…

The capsaicin (vanilloid) receptor VR1 is a cation channel expressed by primary sensory
neurons of the “pain” pathway. Heterologously expressed VR1 can be activated by vanilloid …

TRPA1 is an excitatory ion channel targeted by pungent irritants from mustard and garlic.
TRPA1 has been proposed to function in diverse sensory processes, including thermal (cold) …

TRPA1 is an excitatory ion channel expressed by a subpopulation of primary afferent
somatosensory neurons that contain substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide. …

The anatomy, physiology, and pharmacology of an intrinsic neural network that monitors
and modulates the activity of pain‐transmitting neurons is reviewed. This system can be …

Sensory nerve fibres can detect changes in temperature over a remarkably wide range, a
process that has been proposed to involve direct activation of thermosensitive excitatory …

Tissue injury generates endogenous factors that heighten our sense of pain by increasing
the response of sensory nerve endings to noxious stimuli 1 , 2 . Bradykinin and nerve growth …