Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the major intracellular lesions of Alzheimer’s disease (AD).
However, the causative factors involved in the mitochondrial dysfunction in human AD are …

Zinc (Zn 2+ ) homeostasis plays a vital role in cell function, and the dysregulation of
intracellular Zn 2+ is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Few tools exist to quantitatively …

Fluorescent sensors are powerful tools for visualizing and quantifying molecules and ions in
living cells. A variety of small molecule and genetically encoded sensors have been …

Tetrahymena thermophila is a ciliate with hundreds of cilia primarily used for cellular motility.
These cells propel themselves by generating hydrodynamic forces through coordinated …

Dendritic spines are major sites of excitatory synaptic transmission and changes in their
numbers and morphology have been associated with neurodevelopmental and …

Trisomy 21 (T21) is the most prevalent human chromosomal disorder, causing a range of
cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and neurological abnormalities. However, the cellular …

Cilia, essential motile and sensory organelles, have several compartments: the basal body,
transition zone, and the middle and distal axoneme segments. The distal segment …

Cilia-organizing basal bodies (BBs) are microtubule scaffolds that are visibly asymmetrical
because they have attached auxiliary structures, such as striated fibers. In multiciliated cells, …

Basal bodies are radially symmetric, microtubule-rich structures that nucleate and anchor
motile cilia. Ciliary beating produces asymmetric mechanical forces that are resisted by basal …

The transition of dividing neuroepithelial progenitors to differentiated neurons and glia is
essential for the formation of a functional nervous system. Sonic hedgehog (Shh) is a mitogen …