The Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium is a
collaborative network of researchers working together on a range of large-scale studies that …

Rare mutations of the FOXP2 transcription factor gene cause a monogenic syndrome
characterized by impaired speech development and linguistic deficits. Recent genomic …

… To identify loci that are important for the latter, Fisher and colleagues 50 performed
genome-wide scans in two large sets of nuclear families affected by dyslexia, from the United …

Individuals affected with developmental disorders of speech and language have substantial
difficulty acquiring expressive and/or receptive language in the absence of any profound …

Abstract Language is a uniquely human trait likely to have been a prerequisite for the
development of human culture. The ability to develop articulate speech relies on capabilities, such …

Evidence for the etiology of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) has consistently pointed to a
strong genetic component complicated by substantial locus heterogeneity 1 , 2 . We …

KIDNEY stones (nephrolithiasis), which affect 12% of males and 5% of females in the
western world, are familial in 45% of patients 1,2 and are most commonly associated with …

Background Rare mutations affecting the FOXP2 transcription factor cause a monogenic
speech and language disorder. We hypothesized that neural pathways downstream of FOXP2 …

Between 2 and 5% of children who are otherwise unimpaired have significant difficulties in
acquiring expressive and/or receptive language, despite adequate intelligence and …

It has been proposed that two amino acid substitutions in the transcription factor FOXP2 have
been positively selected during human evolution due to effects on aspects of speech and …