OBJECTIVE: Alcohol use disorders and other substance use disorders are extremely common
among patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This article reviews studies …

Clinical, neuroanatomic, neurobehavioral, and functional brain-imaging studies suggest a
role for the cerebellum in cognitive functions, including attention. However, the cerebellum …

BACKGROUND: In adult animals and humans, nicotine can produce short-term cognitive
enhancement and, in some cases, neuroprotection. Recent work in animals, however, …

Background: Childhood-onset schizophrenia is a rare but severe form of the disorder that is
often treatmentrefractory. In this study, the efficacy and adverse effects of clozapine and …

Growing evidence from animal studies indicates brain‐damaging properties of nicotine
exposure. Investigations in humans found a wide range of functional cerebral effects of nicotine …

A polymorphism involving a variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) has been described
in the 3′ untranslated region of the gene (SLC6A3) coding for the dopamine transporter (…

OBJECTIVE: Evidence of a relationship between genotype and binding availability was
assessed for the dopamine and serotonin transporter genes. METHOD: The authors assessed …

This study examines cerebrospinal fluid from patients with three neuropsychiatric diseases
of childhood for the presence and levels of several cytokines relevant to cell-mediated (type 1…

BACKGROUND: Nicotine in tobacco smoke can improve functioning in multiple cognitive
domains. High rates of smoking among schizophrenic patients may reflect an effort to …

Childhood-onset schizophrenia is a rare, clinically severe form of schizophrenia, which is
associated with disrupted cognitive, linguistic, and social development well before the …