Neuronal connections are established and refined through a series of developmental
programs that involve axon and dendrite specification, process growth, target innervation, cell …

… of the instrumental response (Kong, Jo, and Zweifel unpublished observation), similar to
what is … We would like to thank members of the Zweifel lab for their contributions to the work …

… We thank members of the Palmiter and Zweifel laboratories for feedback on the manuscript.
MEC is financed by a fellowship from the Hilda and Preston Davis Foundation. LSZ is …

Midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons fire in 2 characteristic modes, tonic and phasic, which are
thought to modulate distinct aspects of behavior. However, the inability to selectively disrupt …

A fundamental question in developmental biology is how a limited number of growth factors
and their cognate receptors coordinate the formation of tissues and organs endowed with …

Animals learn to avoid harmful situations by associating a neutral stimulus with a painful one,
resulting in a stable threat memory. In mammals, this form of learning requires the …

Parenting is essential for the survival and wellbeing of mammalian offspring. However, we
lack a circuit-level understanding of how distinct components of this behaviour are coordinated…

Generalized anxiety is thought to result, in part, from impairments in contingency awareness
during conditioning to cues that predict aversive or fearful outcomes. Dopamine neurons of …

The mechanism by which target-derived Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) signaling is propagated
retrogradely, over extremely long distances, to cell bodies to support survival of neurons is …

In the face of starvation, animals will engage in high-risk behaviors that would normally be
considered maladaptive. Starving rodents, for example, will forage in areas that are more …