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Effects of damage to the suprachiasmatic area of the anterior hypothalamus on the daily melatonin and cortisol rhythms in the rhesus monkey

SM Reppert, MJ Perlow, LG Ungerleider, M Mishkin, L Tamarkin, DG Orloff, HJ Hoffman and DC Klein
Journal of Neuroscience 1 December 1981, 1 (12) 1414-1425; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.01-12-01414.1981
SM Reppert
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MJ Perlow
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LG Ungerleider
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M Mishkin
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L Tamarkin
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DG Orloff
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HJ Hoffman
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DC Klein
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Abstract

The effects of lesions of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) on the circadian rhythms in melatonin and cortisol were examined in the rhesus monkey. The concentrations of the two hormones were monitored in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) withdrawn from two sham-operated animals, two animals with complete bilateral SCN lesions, and two animals with partial SCN damage at 4 and 8 months after surgery. In the sham- operated animals, as in the intact animal, the daily melatonin rhythm was entrained to the daily light-dark cycle, was suppressed in constant light, and persisted in constant darkness. In contrast, neither animal with complete SCN ablation exhibited a daily pattern of CSF melatonin in diurnal lighting at 4 months after surgery nor were their melatonin levels at constant low values. Furthermore, CSF melatonin concentrations were not suppressed in either animal by constant light. Surprisingly, at 8 months after surgery, spectral analysis revealed a 24-hr component to the melatonin patterns for each animal with complete SCN ablation in both diurnal lighting and constant darkness. The two animals with partial SCN damage exhibited a daily melatonin rhythm in diurnal lighting, but constant light did not suppress CSF melatonin concentrations consistently. Daily rhythms persisted in both for a 6 1/2-d period of study in constant darkness. In contrast to the alterations in the melatonin rhythm after SCN damage, there was no apparent effect of either partial or complete SCN ablation on the daily CSF cortisol rhythm. These data indicate that, in the rhesus monkey, the SCN is important for the generation, photic entrainment, and photic suppression of the melatonin rhythm. However, circadian oscillators located outside of the SCN region may control the normal daily cortisol rhythm and perhaps the melatonin rhythm in the absence of the SCN.

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The Journal of Neuroscience: 1 (12)
Journal of Neuroscience
Vol. 1, Issue 12
1 Dec 1981
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Effects of damage to the suprachiasmatic area of the anterior hypothalamus on the daily melatonin and cortisol rhythms in the rhesus monkey
SM Reppert, MJ Perlow, LG Ungerleider, M Mishkin, L Tamarkin, DG Orloff, HJ Hoffman, DC Klein
Journal of Neuroscience 1 December 1981, 1 (12) 1414-1425; DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.01-12-01414.1981

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Effects of damage to the suprachiasmatic area of the anterior hypothalamus on the daily melatonin and cortisol rhythms in the rhesus monkey
SM Reppert, MJ Perlow, LG Ungerleider, M Mishkin, L Tamarkin, DG Orloff, HJ Hoffman, DC Klein
Journal of Neuroscience 1 December 1981, 1 (12) 1414-1425; DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.01-12-01414.1981
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