Hippocampal damage associated with prolonged glucocorticoid exposure in primates

RM Sapolsky; H Uno; CS Rebert; CE Finch

doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.10-09-02897.1990

Article Information

DOI

https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.10-09-02897.1990

PubMed

2398367

Published By

Society for Neuroscience

History

First published September 1, 1990.

Version of record published September 1, 1990.

Author Information

RM Sapolsky,
H Uno,
CS Rebert, and
CE Finch

Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, California 94305.

Author contributions

Disclosures

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	Abstract	Full	Pdf
Jan 1999	2	0	0
Feb 1999	2	0	0
Mar 1999	1	0	0
Dec 1999	2	0	0
Total 1999	7	0	0
Jan 2000	3	0	0
Feb 2000	4	0	0
Mar 2000	3	0	0
Apr 2000	11	0	0
May 2000	5	0	0
Jun 2000	1	0	0
Jul 2000	4	0	0
Sep 2000	5	0	0
Oct 2000	4	0	0
Nov 2000	5	0	0
Dec 2000	6	0	0
Total 2000	51	0	0
Jan 2001	4	0	0
Feb 2001	1	0	0
Mar 2001	4	0	0
Apr 2001	8	0	0
May 2001	4	0	0
Jun 2001	3	0	0
Aug 2001	5	0	0
Sep 2001	6	0	0
Oct 2001	5	0	0
Nov 2001	2	0	0
Dec 2001	8	0	0
Total 2001	50	0	0
Jan 2002	3	0	0
Feb 2002	2	0	0
Mar 2002	7	0	0
Apr 2002	5	0	0
May 2002	12	0	0
Jun 2002	4	0	0
Jul 2002	3	0	0
Aug 2002	8	0	0
Sep 2002	4	0	0
Oct 2002	5	0	0
Nov 2002	8	0	0
Dec 2002	8	0	0
Total 2002	69	0	0
Jan 2003	1	0	0
Feb 2003	9	0	0
Mar 2003	4	0	0
Apr 2003	12	0	0
May 2003	5	0	1
Jun 2003	7	0	1
Jul 2003	6	0	0
Aug 2003	9	0	0
Sep 2003	23	0	0
Oct 2003	22	0	0
Nov 2003	26	0	0
Dec 2003	21	0	9
Total 2003	145	0	11
Jan 2004	31	0	8
Feb 2004	13	0	8
Mar 2004	14	0	5
Apr 2004	24	0	18
May 2004	19	0	20
Jun 2004	10	0	18
Jul 2004	19	0	9
Aug 2004	20	0	9
Sep 2004	24	0	8
Oct 2004	9	0	14
Nov 2004	16	0	22
Dec 2004	37	0	18
Total 2004	236	0	157
Jan 2005	21	0	4
Feb 2005	15	0	19
Mar 2005	42	0	47
Apr 2005	18	1	47
May 2005	27	0	22
Jun 2005	16	0	16
Jul 2005	16	0	17
Aug 2005	16	0	26
Sep 2005	20	0	37
Oct 2005	20	0	27
Nov 2005	12	0	21
Dec 2005	33	0	33
Total 2005	256	1	316
Jan 2006	28	0	16
Feb 2006	24	0	18
Mar 2006	23	0	26
Apr 2006	17	0	43
May 2006	21	0	22
Jun 2006	7	0	19
Jul 2006	12	0	6
Aug 2006	15	0	11
Sep 2006	17	0	21
Oct 2006	12	0	27
Nov 2006	29	0	42
Dec 2006	26	0	32
Total 2006	231	0	283
Jan 2007	7	0	18
Feb 2007	16	0	31
Mar 2007	23	0	43
Apr 2007	43	0	66
May 2007	28	0	39
Jun 2007	17	0	42
Jul 2007	13	0	22
Aug 2007	14	0	31
Sep 2007	14	0	28
Oct 2007	23	0	40
Nov 2007	28	0	45
Dec 2007	31	0	42
Total 2007	257	0	447
Jan 2008	38	0	38
Feb 2008	31	0	28
Mar 2008	33	0	50
Apr 2008	48	0	50
May 2008	22	0	52
Jun 2008	21	0	45
Jul 2008	9	0	39
Aug 2008	12	0	20
Sep 2008	26	0	26
Oct 2008	41	0	40
Nov 2008	25	0	35
Dec 2008	24	0	25
Total 2008	330	0	448
Jan 2009	13	0	28
Feb 2009	19	0	36
Mar 2009	37	0	53
Apr 2009	35	0	63
May 2009	25	0	69
Jun 2009	16	0	21
Jul 2009	16	0	23
Aug 2009	12	0	21
Sep 2009	25	0	44
Oct 2009	28	0	57
Nov 2009	29	0	71
Dec 2009	43	0	67
Total 2009	298	0	553
Jan 2010	31	0	73
Feb 2010	25	0	54
Mar 2010	53	0	94
Apr 2010	56	0	91
May 2010	30	0	69
Jun 2010	25	0	69
Jul 2010	36	0	41
Aug 2010	39	0	77
Sep 2010	40	0	68
Oct 2010	61	0	73
Nov 2010	48	0	110
Dec 2010	46	0	53
Total 2010	490	0	872
Jan 2011	51	0	68
Feb 2011	45	0	66
Mar 2011	91	0	103
Apr 2011	67	0	75
May 2011	39	1	45
Jun 2011	33	0	47
Jul 2011	24	0	30
Aug 2011	26	0	43
Sep 2011	50	0	56
Oct 2011	38	2	89
Nov 2011	42	5	117
Dec 2011	36	2	81
Total 2011	542	10	820
Jan 2012	23	0	59
Feb 2012	42	3	99
Mar 2012	68	2	103
Apr 2012	82	1	61
May 2012	66	0	83
Jun 2012	37	0	53
Jul 2012	50	0	50
Aug 2012	39	0	42
Sep 2012	40	0	84
Oct 2012	42	0	116
Nov 2012	60	0	85
Dec 2012	62	1	68
Total 2012	611	7	903
Jan 2013	47	0	51
Feb 2013	55	0	67
Mar 2013	61	0	81
Apr 2013	56	0	82
May 2013	55	0	69
Jun 2013	30	0	45
Jul 2013	37	0	40
Aug 2013	34	0	54
Sep 2013	45	0	91
Oct 2013	92	1	158
Nov 2013	48	7	97
Dec 2013	83	0	71
Total 2013	643	8	906
Jan 2014	86	0	57
Feb 2014	58	0	48
Mar 2014	90	1	63
Apr 2014	70	0	60
May 2014	69	0	44
Jun 2014	155	0	27
Jul 2014	31	0	31
Aug 2014	29	0	22
Sep 2014	29	0	52
Oct 2014	44	0	72
Nov 2014	31	0	83
Dec 2014	35	0	72
Total 2014	727	1	631
Jan 2015	39	1	67
Feb 2015	30	0	101
Mar 2015	35	0	111
Apr 2015	54	2	292
May 2015	39	2	118
Jun 2015	23	3	77
Jul 2015	30	0	68
Aug 2015	32	0	66
Sep 2015	34	0	141
Oct 2015	25	0	124
Nov 2015	33	0	282
Dec 2015	47	0	217
Total 2015	421	8	1664
Jan 2016	39	0	106
Feb 2016	29	4	296
Mar 2016	67	0	349
Apr 2016	70	3	144
May 2016	46	1	89
Jun 2016	21	3	60
Jul 2016	27	1	62
Aug 2016	25	0	57
Sep 2016	46	4	63
Oct 2016	166	1	71
Nov 2016	52	0	124
Dec 2016	45	0	81
Total 2016	633	17	1502
Jan 2017	38	0	99
Feb 2017	37	0	58
Mar 2017	69	0	50
Apr 2017	65	0	51
May 2017	68	0	52
Jun 2017	52	0	37
Jul 2017	37	0	14
Aug 2017	34	0	33
Sep 2017	42	0	33
Oct 2017	58	0	30
Nov 2017	71	0	98
Dec 2017	36	0	75
Total 2017	607	0	630
Jan 2018	48	0	59
Feb 2018	59	0	67
Mar 2018	59	0	56
Apr 2018	60	0	43
May 2018	49	0	38
Jun 2018	47	0	31
Jul 2018	23	0	15
Aug 2018	36	0	28
Sep 2018	50	0	24
Oct 2018	53	0	34
Nov 2018	60	0	73
Dec 2018	91	0	61
Total 2018	635	0	529
Jan 2019	62	0	35
Feb 2019	64	0	30
Mar 2019	161	0	66
Apr 2019	138	0	58
May 2019	86	0	42
Jun 2019	69	0	55
Jul 2019	46	0	25
Aug 2019	64	0	38
Sep 2019	106	0	39
Oct 2019	56	0	26
Nov 2019	79	0	46
Dec 2019	55	0	32
Total 2019	986	0	492
Jan 2020	63	0	26
Feb 2020	101	0	23
Mar 2020	113	0	57
Apr 2020	97	0	68
May 2020	118	0	96
Jun 2020	68	0	34
Jul 2020	59	0	16
Aug 2020	75	0	26
Sep 2020	167	0	26
Oct 2020	135	0	79
Nov 2020	306	0	75
Dec 2020	148	0	55
Total 2020	1450	0	581
Jan 2021	163	0	66
Feb 2021	120	0	39
Mar 2021	161	0	77
Apr 2021	139	0	82
May 2021	343	0	63
Jun 2021	263	0	20
Jul 2021	92	0	28
Aug 2021	87	0	28
Sep 2021	81	0	30
Oct 2021	110	0	82
Nov 2021	105	0	96
Dec 2021	114	0	101
Total 2021	1778	0	712
Jan 2022	88	0	50
Feb 2022	118	0	112
Mar 2022	170	0	83
Apr 2022	150	0	103
May 2022	104	0	103
Jun 2022	96	0	37
Jul 2022	5	0	3
Total 2022	731	0	491
Total	12184	52	12948