Semantic encoding and retrieval in the left inferior prefrontal cortex: a functional MRI study of task difficulty and process specificity

JB Demb; JE Desmond; AD Wagner; CJ Vaidya; GH Glover; JD Gabrieli

doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.15-09-05870.1995

Article Information

DOI

https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.15-09-05870.1995

PubMed

7666172

Published By

Society for Neuroscience

History

Published in print September 1, 1995.

Author Information

JB Demb,
JE Desmond,
AD Wagner,
CJ Vaidya,
GH Glover, and
JD Gabrieli

Department of Psychology, Stanford University, California 94305–2130, USA.

Author contributions

Disclosures

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	Abstract	Full	Pdf
Jan 1999	3	0	0
Feb 1999	3	0	0
Mar 1999	6	0	0
Dec 1999	6	0	0
Total 1999	18	0	0
Jan 2000	12	0	0
Feb 2000	15	0	0
Mar 2000	8	0	0
Apr 2000	7	0	0
May 2000	9	0	0
Jun 2000	9	0	0
Jul 2000	5	0	0
Aug 2000	9	0	0
Sep 2000	21	0	0
Oct 2000	10	0	0
Nov 2000	7	0	0
Dec 2000	5	0	0
Total 2000	117	0	0
Jan 2001	7	0	0
Feb 2001	13	0	1
Mar 2001	30	0	0
Apr 2001	16	0	0
May 2001	13	0	0
Jun 2001	8	0	0
Jul 2001	15	0	0
Aug 2001	11	0	0
Sep 2001	17	0	0
Oct 2001	17	0	0
Nov 2001	14	0	0
Dec 2001	13	0	0
Total 2001	174	0	1
Jan 2002	9	0	0
Feb 2002	14	0	0
Mar 2002	12	0	1
Apr 2002	11	0	0
May 2002	10	0	0
Jun 2002	11	0	0
Jul 2002	15	0	0
Aug 2002	8	0	0
Sep 2002	10	0	0
Oct 2002	20	0	0
Nov 2002	9	0	0
Dec 2002	5	0	0
Total 2002	134	0	1
Jan 2003	10	0	0
Feb 2003	9	0	0
Mar 2003	11	1	0
Apr 2003	15	0	0
May 2003	12	0	0
Jun 2003	9	0	0
Jul 2003	14	0	0
Aug 2003	13	0	0
Sep 2003	17	0	0
Oct 2003	22	0	0
Nov 2003	19	0	0
Dec 2003	22	0	39
Total 2003	173	1	39
Jan 2004	16	0	12
Feb 2004	16	0	27
Mar 2004	26	0	35
Apr 2004	33	0	21
May 2004	23	0	22
Jun 2004	16	0	18
Jul 2004	20	0	14
Aug 2004	34	0	40
Sep 2004	29	0	22
Oct 2004	31	0	25
Nov 2004	36	0	27
Dec 2004	50	0	36
Total 2004	330	0	299
Jan 2005	32	0	35
Feb 2005	53	0	37
Mar 2005	66	1	81
Apr 2005	23	0	26
May 2005	23	0	35
Jun 2005	8	0	10
Jul 2005	20	2	31
Aug 2005	19	0	29
Sep 2005	24	0	38
Oct 2005	35	1	48
Nov 2005	54	0	49
Dec 2005	31	0	47
Total 2005	388	4	466
Jan 2006	36	1	36
Feb 2006	25	0	42
Mar 2006	47	0	28
Apr 2006	36	0	50
May 2006	52	0	41
Jun 2006	36	0	36
Jul 2006	20	0	19
Aug 2006	27	0	17
Sep 2006	38	0	43
Oct 2006	27	0	47
Nov 2006	23	0	52
Dec 2006	33	0	49
Total 2006	400	1	460
Jan 2007	28	0	22
Feb 2007	35	0	35
Mar 2007	47	0	33
Apr 2007	88	0	70
May 2007	59	0	39
Jun 2007	35	0	35
Jul 2007	35	0	27
Aug 2007	50	0	26
Sep 2007	59	0	45
Oct 2007	65	0	43
Nov 2007	67	0	59
Dec 2007	57	0	39
Total 2007	625	0	473
Jan 2008	48	0	58
Feb 2008	63	0	49
Mar 2008	72	0	41
Apr 2008	59	0	45
May 2008	16	0	27
Jun 2008	27	0	38
Jul 2008	14	0	25
Aug 2008	29	0	32
Sep 2008	82	0	35
Oct 2008	79	0	69
Nov 2008	81	0	67
Dec 2008	49	0	23
Total 2008	619	0	509
Jan 2009	61	0	61
Feb 2009	79	0	58
Mar 2009	91	0	64
Apr 2009	82	0	90
May 2009	98	0	71
Jun 2009	36	0	38
Jul 2009	56	0	52
Aug 2009	25	0	36
Sep 2009	51	0	51
Oct 2009	69	0	58
Nov 2009	93	0	80
Dec 2009	58	0	60
Total 2009	799	0	719
Jan 2010	73	0	46
Feb 2010	58	0	54
Mar 2010	86	0	97
Apr 2010	90	0	131
May 2010	43	0	70
Jun 2010	31	0	63
Jul 2010	30	0	57
Aug 2010	28	0	41
Sep 2010	41	0	73
Oct 2010	68	0	140
Nov 2010	67	0	129
Dec 2010	42	0	78
Total 2010	657	0	979
Jan 2011	41	0	100
Feb 2011	59	0	81
Mar 2011	86	0	143
Apr 2011	75	0	138
May 2011	47	3	64
Jun 2011	22	3	45
Jul 2011	17	2	28
Aug 2011	18	2	32
Sep 2011	24	3	67
Oct 2011	25	6	127
Nov 2011	40	1	111
Dec 2011	28	4	114
Total 2011	482	24	1050
Jan 2012	21	0	88
Feb 2012	18	1	38
Mar 2012	22	0	45
Apr 2012	30	0	41
May 2012	28	1	40
Jun 2012	23	0	16
Jul 2012	14	0	35
Aug 2012	13	0	39
Sep 2012	19	0	31
Oct 2012	14	0	48
Nov 2012	36	1	64
Dec 2012	43	1	54
Total 2012	281	4	539
Jan 2013	24	0	39
Feb 2013	24	0	25
Mar 2013	22	0	52
Apr 2013	25	0	42
May 2013	24	0	51
Jun 2013	14	0	24
Jul 2013	3	0	39
Aug 2013	24	0	12
Sep 2013	8	0	19
Oct 2013	27	3	47
Nov 2013	12	0	49
Dec 2013	29	1	73
Total 2013	236	4	472
Jan 2014	18	2	46
Feb 2014	13	0	31
Mar 2014	11	1	65
Apr 2014	23	0	28
May 2014	20	0	35
Jun 2014	26	0	29
Jul 2014	24	2	16
Aug 2014	14	1	23
Sep 2014	19	1	80
Oct 2014	38	0	65
Nov 2014	43	0	83
Dec 2014	27	1	27
Total 2014	276	8	528
Jan 2015	22	0	41
Feb 2015	14	0	41
Mar 2015	35	2	71
Apr 2015	34	7	60
May 2015	33	0	29
Jun 2015	8	0	38
Jul 2015	8	0	24
Aug 2015	11	0	15
Sep 2015	12	0	23
Oct 2015	28	0	16
Nov 2015	25	0	11
Dec 2015	31	0	13
Total 2015	261	9	382
Jan 2016	26	0	17
Feb 2016	55	1	55
Mar 2016	56	0	49
Apr 2016	66	0	87
May 2016	81	1	80
Jun 2016	254	0	75
Jul 2016	28	2	71
Aug 2016	39	24	53
Sep 2016	53	3	65
Oct 2016	54	0	103
Nov 2016	66	0	111
Dec 2016	41	0	183
Total 2016	819	31	949
Jan 2017	82	0	99
Feb 2017	65	0	77
Mar 2017	99	0	109
Apr 2017	79	0	83
May 2017	86	0	37
Jun 2017	66	0	32
Jul 2017	46	0	67
Aug 2017	34	0	32
Sep 2017	42	0	45
Oct 2017	66	0	41
Nov 2017	64	0	54
Dec 2017	39	0	22
Total 2017	768	0	698
Jan 2018	41	0	40
Feb 2018	49	0	38
Mar 2018	56	0	53
Apr 2018	51	0	52
May 2018	67	0	38
Jun 2018	40	0	30
Jul 2018	37	0	26
Aug 2018	33	0	22
Sep 2018	59	0	24
Oct 2018	88	0	40
Nov 2018	44	0	41
Dec 2018	54	0	36
Total 2018	619	0	440
Jan 2019	60	0	18
Feb 2019	38	0	20
Mar 2019	80	0	37
Apr 2019	49	0	35
May 2019	49	0	28
Jun 2019	30	0	21
Jul 2019	39	0	26
Aug 2019	37	0	25
Sep 2019	37	0	28
Oct 2019	46	0	20
Nov 2019	44	0	24
Dec 2019	40	0	25
Total 2019	549	0	307
Jan 2020	48	0	42
Feb 2020	27	0	19
Total 2020	75	0	61
Total	8800	86	9372